Inkret Jezerka, Zupanc Tomaž, Podovšovnik Eva, Zupanič Pajnič Irena
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
Orthopedic Hospital of Valdoltra, Jadranska cesta 31, Ankaran 6280, Slovenia.
Forensic Sci Int. 2025 Jan;366:112304. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112304. Epub 2024 Nov 19.
Skeletonized human remains from Second World War mass graves in Slovenia are a major challenge in genetic identification, and bones with a high DNA yield must be selected for successful identification. The goal of this study was to construct skeletal sampling strategy recommendations through comparison of the most appropriate groups of skeletal elements. Altogether, 566 bones and teeth from the same mass grave were compared, half analyzed in this study and half in previous studies performed by our group. After anthropological examination, mechanical and chemical cleaning was performed, followed by bone and tooth powdering. Total demineralization of 0.5 g of bone and tooth was followed by extraction and purification of DNA with a Biorobot EZ1 device (Qiagen). The qPCR PowerQuant kit (Promega) was used to measure the amount of DNA, and statistical analysis was performed. Skeletal elements were selected according to known better preservation of DNA in the human body, and they were arranged in seven groups: petrous bone, long bones (femur and tibia), torso bones (first rib and 12th vertebra), metacarpals, metatarsals, short and sesamoid bones (talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, cuboid, calcaneus, and patella), and teeth. Sampling strategy recommendations were constructed based on DNA quantity and quality results. The petrous bone group, metacarpal group, torso bone group, and short and sesamoid bone group produced the highest DNA yields. Accordingly, in addition to standard sampling of long bones (femurs and tibias) and teeth, those additional bone types should be collected for Slovenian Second World War victim identification.
来自斯洛文尼亚二战乱葬岗的骨骼化人类遗骸是基因鉴定中的一项重大挑战，必须选择DNA产量高的骨头才能成功进行鉴定。本研究的目的是通过比较最合适的骨骼元素组来构建骨骼采样策略建议。总共比较了来自同一乱葬岗的566块骨头和牙齿，其中一半在本研究中进行分析，另一半在我们小组之前进行的研究中分析。经过人类学检查后，进行机械和化学清洁，然后将骨头和牙齿磨成粉末。对0.5克骨头和牙齿进行完全脱矿质处理，随后使用Biorobot EZ1设备（Qiagen）提取和纯化DNA。使用qPCR PowerQuant试剂盒（Promega）测量DNA量，并进行统计分析。根据已知的人体中DNA保存较好的情况选择骨骼元素，并将它们分为七组：岩骨、长骨（股骨和胫骨）、躯干骨（第一肋骨和第十二椎骨）、掌骨、跖骨、短骨和籽骨（距骨、舟骨、内侧楔骨、骰骨、跟骨和髌骨）以及牙齿。根据DNA数量和质量结果构建了采样策略建议。岩骨组、掌骨组、躯干骨组以及短骨和籽骨组产生的DNA产量最高。因此，除了对长骨（股骨和胫骨）和牙齿进行标准采样外，在斯洛文尼亚二战受害者鉴定中还应收集那些额外的骨类型。
