Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Medicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain.
Methods Mol Biol. 2025;2876:221-239. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4252-8_15.
Immunohistochemical study proves valuable in the diagnosis of neoplastic pathology. Its application allows us to differentiate the origin of tumors, as seen with thyroglobulin and TTF1 in well-differentiated tumors of follicular origin and calcitonin or other neuroendocrine markers for tumors arising from C cells. At times, immunohistochemical study becomes necessary for the classification of thyroid carcinomas arising from follicular cells, although specific antibodies that would enable the exclusion of malignancy or differentiation between follicular carcinomas and papillary carcinomas have generally not been found; hence, various antibody panels are utilized. HMBE1 and galectin 3 can be beneficial in distinguishing malignancy from benignity, while CK19, galectin 3, and HMBE1 aid in identifying papillary carcinomas of follicular variant. In the differential diagnosis depending on histological morphology, various panels with automated protocols prove greatly useful.
免疫组织化学研究在肿瘤病理学诊断中具有重要价值。其应用可以帮助我们确定肿瘤的起源，例如甲状腺球蛋白和 TTF1 在滤泡来源的分化良好的肿瘤中，降钙素或其他神经内分泌标志物在 C 细胞来源的肿瘤中。有时，免疫组织化学研究对于滤泡细胞来源的甲状腺癌的分类是必要的，尽管尚未发现能够排除恶性肿瘤或区分滤泡癌和乳头状癌的特异性抗体；因此，通常会使用各种抗体组合。HMBE1 和半乳糖凝集素 3 有助于区分良恶性，而 CK19、半乳糖凝集素 3 和 HMBE1 有助于识别滤泡型乳头状癌。在依赖于组织形态学的鉴别诊断中，各种带有自动化方案的组合都非常有用。
