Larsson Ekström Albin, Djupström Line Boberg, Hjältén Joakim, Sjögren Jörgen, Jönsson Mari, Löfroth Therese
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Umeå, Sweden.
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Umeå, Sweden; Skogforsk, Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Dec;372:123416. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123416. Epub 2024 Nov 24.
The biodiversity crisis calls for immediate restoration of deteriorated and rare habitat. Due to fire suppression and intensive forest management, boreal pine forests of high conservation value are exceptionally rare. Despite decades of restoration research in boreal forests, relatively few studies have evaluated multi-taxon biodiversity response of restoration measures in pine forests. In a Scots pine experiment, we investigated biodiversity patterns of wood-inhabiting fungi and beetles a decade after restoration (prescribed burning and deadwood creation) and forest management (harvest with varying retention). We found that fungi and beetles develop differently and have distinct preferences in deadwood originating from restoration. Standing deadwood supported more species for beetles and lying deadwood for fungi and for both taxa, standing and lying deadwood harboured different species assemblages. Burned deadwood displayed less variable assemblages than unburned deadwood for both organism groups. We found that, after a decade, deadwood type and not harvest with different retention levels better explained diversity patterns of wood-inhabiting beetles and fungi in pine forests. Pine forests are naturally prone to recurring disturbances creating open light conditions. Pine-associated species are therefore likely resistant to disturbance as long as a variety of deadwood resources are present. To accommodate multiple taxa, a variety of substrate and environment types is required. Beetles benefit from standing deadwood while fungi benefit from lying deadwood. To support assemblages with both rapid and slow turnover rates, a combination of recurring restoration and leaving restored stands in the adjacent landscapes is required.
生物多样性危机呼吁立即恢复退化和珍稀的栖息地。由于火灾抑制和高强度森林管理，具有高保护价值的北方松林极为罕见。尽管在北方森林进行了数十年的恢复研究，但相对较少的研究评估了松林恢复措施对多类群生物多样性的响应。在一项苏格兰松实验中，我们调查了恢复（规定火烧和创造枯立木）和森林管理（不同保留量采伐）十年后，木栖真菌和甲虫的生物多样性模式。我们发现，真菌和甲虫的发展方式不同，对恢复产生的枯立木有着不同偏好。立木支持了更多甲虫物种，而卧木则支持了更多真菌物种，对于这两个类群而言，立木和卧木中栖息着不同的物种组合。对于两个生物类群，火烧枯立木的组合比未火烧枯立木的组合变化更小。我们发现，十年后，枯立木类型而非不同保留水平的采伐，能更好地解释松林中木栖甲虫和真菌的多样性模式。北方松林自然易于反复受到干扰，从而形成开阔的光照条件。因此，只要存在各种枯立木资源，与松树相关的物种可能对干扰具有抗性。为了容纳多个类群，需要多种底物和环境类型。甲虫受益于立木，而真菌受益于卧木。为了支持周转率有快有慢的组合，需要将反复恢复与在相邻景观中保留恢复后的林分相结合。
