2009年至2019年酒精使用障碍趋势中的性别差异：一项交叉性分析。
Gender differences in alcohol use disorder trends from 2009-2019: An intersectional analysis.
作者信息
Verplaetse T L, Carretta R F, Struble C A, Pittman B, Roberts W, Zakiniaeiz Y, Peltier M R, McKee S A
机构信息
Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 40 Temple Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 40 Temple Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
出版信息
Alcohol. 2025 Mar;123:101-107. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.003. Epub 2024 Nov 22.
BACKGROUND
Trend estimates from national surveys over the last 20 years have suggested converging rates of alcohol use over time between adult men and women. However, limited research has utilized an intersectional lens to examine how sociodemographic characteristics influence gender differences in these trends.
METHODS
The current study used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to examine whether gender intersected with race/ethnicity, age, education level, marital status, employment status, household income, and urbanicity on temporal trends (2009-2019) in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Logistic regression and linear trend analyses were conducted to examine interaction effects of sociodemographic variables and changes in rates of AUD over time in males and females.
RESULTS
We observed decreasing rates of AUD over time in males and females, with larger declines in males (p = 0.01; OR = 0.96 in males vs. OR = 0.98 in females). We identified subpopulations of females that demonstrated little or no reductions during this timeframe (2009-2019), which varied by race/ethnicity, age, marital status, employment, and income but not by education or urbanicity. In adults aged 49 years and younger (overall p = 0.02; ages 18-25 OR = 0.92 in males vs. 0.96 in females, ages 26-29 OR = 0.97 in males vs. OR = 0.99 in females), and in those employed (overall p = 0.05; OR = 0.96 in males vs. OR = 0.99 in females), women demonstrated smaller declines in comparison to men. Additionally, women who reported that they were Black (p = 0.006; OR = 0.94 in males vs. OR = 1 in females), single (p = 0.009; OR = 0.94 in males vs. 0.96 in females) or earning between $20,000 and $49,000 (p = 0.012; OR = 0.96 in males vs. 0.98 in females), had smaller or no declines in AUD in compared to men with the same demographic characteristic.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide support for converging rates of AUD between genders and newly identify subpopulations of females that may be at heightened risk.
背景
过去20年全国调查的趋势估计表明，成年男性和女性的酒精使用发生率随时间推移趋于一致。然而，利用交叉视角来研究社会人口学特征如何影响这些趋势中的性别差异的研究有限。
方法
本研究使用了来自全国药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）的数据，以检验在酒精使用障碍（AUD）的时间趋势（2009 - 2019年）方面，性别是否与种族/族裔、年龄、教育水平、婚姻状况、就业状况、家庭收入和城市化程度存在交叉影响。进行了逻辑回归和线性趋势分析，以检验社会人口学变量的交互作用以及男性和女性AUD发生率随时间的变化。
结果
我们观察到男性和女性的AUD发生率随时间下降，男性下降幅度更大（p = 0.01；男性的OR = 0.96，女性的OR = 0.98）。我们确定了在这个时间段（2009 - 2019年）内几乎没有或没有下降的女性亚群体，这些亚群体因种族/族裔、年龄、婚姻状况、就业和收入而有所不同，但不受教育程度或城市化程度的影响。在49岁及以下的成年人中（总体p = 0.02；18 - 25岁男性的OR = 0.92，女性为0.96；26 - 29岁男性的OR = 0.97，女性为0.99），以及在就业者中（总体p = 0.05；男性的OR = 0.96，女性为0.99），与男性相比，女性的下降幅度较小。此外，报告自己为黑人的女性（p = 0.006；男性的OR = 0.94，女性为1）、单身的女性（p = 0.009；男性的OR = 0.94，女性为0.96）或收入在20,000美元至49,000美元之间的女性（p = 0.012；男性的OR = 0.96，女性为0.98），与具有相同人口学特征的男性相比，AUD的下降幅度较小或没有下降。
结论
我们的研究结果支持了不同性别间AUD发生率趋同的观点，并新确定了可能处于高风险的女性亚群体。
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