Imath Mohamed, Giri Jayant, Mohammad Faruq, Ragavendran Chinnasamy
Department of Pharmacology, JKKMMRF's‑ Annai JKK Sampoorani Ammal College of Pharmacy, The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Komorapalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India; Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
Microb Pathog. 2025 Feb;199:107139. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107139. Epub 2024 Nov 22.
The present study aimed to environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO NPs using Fioria vitifolia leaf extracts which provides a sustainable and green approach for production of NPs. The produced ZnO NPs were evaluated using various spectrum approaches (UV-vis, FTIR XRD, TEM and EDAX). The synthesized ZnO NPs was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy exhibited a peak at 370 nm. SEM imaging revealed a flash-like and needle-like bottom morphology. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected vibrations corresponding to alcohols, halides, and aromatics functional groups. TEM showed spherical-shaped NPs with an average diameter of 11 nm. XRD analysis exhibited distinct peaks at 2θ values of 31.7°, 34.3°, 36.2°, 47.4°, 56.6°, 62.8°, 66.4°, 67.9°, 69.1°, and 76.8°, corresponding to the crystallographic planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), (201), (004), and (202) planes respectively. The antibacterial activity demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against E. coli (17 ± 0.6 mm) and S. aureus (23.7 ± 0.5 mm), and inhibition of biofilm formation in S. aureus and C. albicans. Additionally, S. mutans exhibited the highest sensitivity to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs, with complete inhibition occurring at 7.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, antioxidant DPPH assays exhibited IC values of 42 μg/mL. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory properties of ZnO NPs of F. vitifolia were evaluated in-vitro using models utilizing the human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization method (MSM), and it was shown to have an MSM of 83.87 % at 250 μg/mL. Furthermore, ZnO NPs exhibited anticancer activity against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line with an IC value of 35.50 μg/mL. Toxicological evaluation of FV-ZnO nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos indicated low toxicity at maximum concentration. These is first findings suggest that ZnO NPs synthesized from F. vitifolia leaf extracts possess significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Additionally, their low toxicity in zebrafish embryos makes them suitable for further development in antimicrobial therapies with minimal side effects, offering a sustainable, biocompatible solution to tackle multidrug-resistant microbial infections.
本研究旨在利用葡萄叶提取物对氧化锌纳米颗粒进行环境友好型合成，这为纳米颗粒的生产提供了一种可持续的绿色方法。使用各种光谱方法（紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和能谱分析）对所制备的氧化锌纳米颗粒进行了评估。紫外可见光谱证实合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒在370nm处有一个峰。扫描电子显微镜成像显示出类似闪光和针状的底部形态。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析检测到与醇类、卤化物和芳香族官能团相对应的振动。透射电子显微镜显示平均直径为11nm的球形纳米颗粒。X射线衍射分析在2θ值为31.7°、34.3°、36.2°、47.4°、56.6°、62.8°、66.4°、67.9°、69.1°和76.8°处呈现出明显的峰，分别对应于晶面（100）、（002）、（101）、（102）、（110）、（103）、（200）、（112）、（201）、（004）和（202）平面。抗菌活性表明对大肠杆菌（17±0.6mm）和金黄色葡萄球菌（23.7±0.5mm）有显著的抑菌圈，并且对金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的生物膜形成有抑制作用。此外，变形链球菌对氧化锌纳米颗粒的最低抑菌浓度表现出最高的敏感性，在7.5μg/mL时完全抑制。此外，抗氧化二苯基苦味酰基自由基测定显示IC值为42μg/mL。此外，利用人红细胞膜稳定法模型在体外评估了葡萄叶氧化锌纳米颗粒的抗炎特性，结果表明在250μg/mL时其膜稳定率为83.87%。此外，氧化锌纳米颗粒对MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系表现出抗癌活性，IC值为35.50μg/mL。对斑马鱼胚胎中葡萄叶-氧化锌纳米颗粒的毒理学评估表明，在最大浓度下毒性较低。这些初步研究结果表明，由葡萄叶提取物合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒具有显著的抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌特性。此外，它们在斑马鱼胚胎中的低毒性使其适合在副作用最小的抗菌治疗中进一步开发，为应对多重耐药微生物感染提供了一种可持续的、生物相容的解决方案。
