West Wollega Health Office, Gimbi, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Nov 8;12:1393880. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1393880. eCollection 2024.
Antenatal depression (AND) is a form of clinical depression that can be caused by stress and worries that can bring pregnancy to more severe levels. It has negative impacts on women, the family, and the community at large. The comparative study of antenatal depression among rural and urban pregnant women was less studied in Ethiopia and in this study area in particular.
The objective of the study was to compare the prevalence of antenatal depression and its associated factors among pregnant women in Gimbi rural and urban residents in Ethiopia in 2023.
A community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used from 1 February to 30 March 2023. A systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with antenatal depression. Variables with a -value of 0.25 or less in the bi-variable logistic regression model were candidates for a multi-variable logistic regression model.
The prevalence of antenatal depression was 56 (21.5%), 95% CI: [16.9-25.5] among rural participants and 50 (19.2%) [95%] CI: [14.6-23.8] among urban participants. Having complications during pregnancy (AOR: 4.92, 95% CI: 1.35, 17.88), ever had depression (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.30, 7.85), consuming alcohol (AOR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.24, 11.49), and educational status (can read and write) (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI:1.05, 4.67) were factors associated with antenatal depression among urban mothers, while no antenatal care follow-up (AOR: 6.6, 95% CI: 2.63, 16.85), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 4.51, 95% CI:1.10, 1.86), and having complications during pregnancy (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.30, 5.92) were factors associated with antenatal depression among rural mothers.
The prevalence of antenatal depression among rural mothers was higher than the prevalence of antenatal depression among urban mothers in the Gimbi district. Having complications during pregnancy, ever had depression, consuming alcohol, and educational status were associated factors with antenatal depression among urban mothers; having complications during pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy, and no ANC follow-up were factors associated with antenatal depression among rural mothers. Therefore, quality family planning and ANC services should be provided for the women to reduce unplanned pregnancies and experience complication-free pregnancy periods.
产前抑郁症（AND）是一种临床抑郁症，可能由压力和担忧引起，会使妊娠情况更加严重。它对妇女、家庭和整个社区都有负面影响。在埃塞俄比亚，特别是在该研究地区，农村和城市孕妇产前抑郁症的比较研究较少。
本研究旨在比较 2023 年埃塞俄比亚金比农村和城市孕妇产前抑郁症的患病率及其相关因素。
采用 2023 年 2 月 1 日至 3 月 30 日期间的社区为基础的比较横断面研究设计。采用系统随机抽样方法选择研究参与者。使用经过预测试的访谈者管理的结构化问卷收集数据。采用二元逻辑回归分析确定与产前抑郁症相关的因素。双变量逻辑回归模型中 p 值为 0.25 或更小的变量是多变量逻辑回归模型的候选变量。
农村参与者中产前抑郁症的患病率为 56（21.5%），95%CI：[16.9-25.5]，城市参与者中为 50（19.2%），95%CI：[14.6-23.8]。怀孕期间出现并发症（AOR：4.92，95%CI：1.35，17.88）、曾患抑郁症（AOR：3.20，95%CI：1.30，7.85）、饮酒（AOR：3.78，95%CI：1.24，11.49）和教育程度（能读能写）（AOR：2.14，95%CI：1.05，4.67）是城市母亲产前抑郁症的相关因素，而无产前护理随访（AOR：6.6，95%CI：2.63，16.85）、意外怀孕（AOR：4.51，95%CI：1.10，1.86）和怀孕期间出现并发症（AOR：2.77，95%CI：1.30，5.92）是农村母亲产前抑郁症的相关因素。
金比地区农村母亲产前抑郁症的患病率高于城市母亲。怀孕期间出现并发症、曾患抑郁症、饮酒和教育程度是城市母亲产前抑郁症的相关因素；怀孕期间出现并发症、意外怀孕和无 ANC 随访是农村母亲产前抑郁症的相关因素。因此，应向妇女提供优质的计划生育和 ANC 服务，以减少意外怀孕和经历无并发症的妊娠期。
