Korkmaz Cansu, Güneş Hatice, Küçükaydın Meltem Taş, Küçükaydın Selçuk, Duru Mehmet Emin
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.
ACS Omega. 2024 Nov 5;9(46):45733-45745. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02369. eCollection 2024 Nov 19.
Mushrooms are a good diet with high protein and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in health, food, and industry from past to present. Mushrooms have attracted a lot of attention in terms of the bioavailability of natural products. , a member of the family, is an edible wood fungus that grows naturally on the trunks of old and decayed trees. In this study, the cytotoxic activities of hexane, methanol, and water extracts of against various cancer cell lines A549, MCF-7, PC-3, and HT-29 were investigated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, the apoptotic, inflammatory, angiogenic, and antimicrobial effects of the extracts were examined by flow cytometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and well diffusion assays, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and phenolic and lipid components of were determined. The hexane extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity (IC = 26.48 ± 0.02 μg/mL) against A549 cells, while water and methanol extracts exhibited the highest cytotoxicity (IC = 83.18 ± 0.05 μg/mL and IC = 90.95 ± 0.05 μg/mL, respectively) against PC-3 cells. The hexane extract killed A549 cells via apoptosis. The methanol extract, at the IC level, was the most effective in decreasing both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. In antioxidant activity tests performed with 5 different methods, the methanol extract had higher antioxidant activity than the others, followed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (IC = 82.61 ± 0.90 μg/mL) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical removal (IC = 55.20 ± 0.65 μg/mL) and CUPRAC-reducing power (IC = 76.41 ± 0.73 μg/mL). Among the extracts studied, the hexane extract showed antimicrobial activity against , , , and with different inhibition zones. The major lipid components of analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were elaidic acid (38.22%), palmitic acid (30.59%), stearic acid (13.21%), linoleic acid (4.35%), and azelaic acid (4.29%). The phenolic compounds determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) system were -hydroxybenzoic acid (7.42 μg/g extract), cinnamic acid (6.83 μg/g extract), gallic acid (5.36 μg/g extract), and protocatechuic acid (1.83 μg/g extract). The results showed that has the potential to be a natural source for the development of novel anticancer and antimicrobial agents as well as a beneficial food supplement for the prevention of cancer.
从过去到现在，蘑菇在健康、食品和工业领域都是一种富含高蛋白和多不饱和脂肪酸的优质食物。蘑菇在天然产物的生物利用度方面备受关注。木耳属的一种成员，是一种可食用的木腐菌，自然生长在古老腐朽树木的树干上。在本研究中，采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）法研究了木耳的己烷、甲醇和水提取物对多种癌细胞系A549、MCF-7、PC-3和HT-29的细胞毒性活性。此外，分别通过流式细胞术、实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和琼脂扩散法检测了提取物的凋亡、炎症、血管生成和抗菌作用。此外，还测定了木耳的抗氧化活性以及酚类和脂质成分。己烷提取物对A549细胞显示出最高的细胞毒性活性（IC = 26.48 ± 0.02 μg/mL），而水提取物和甲醇提取物对PC-3细胞表现出最高的细胞毒性（IC分别为83.18 ± 0.05 μg/mL和90.95 ± 0.05 μg/mL）。己烷提取物通过凋亡杀死A549细胞。在IC水平下，甲醇提取物在降低肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）释放方面最为有效。在用5种不同方法进行的抗氧化活性测试中，甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性高于其他提取物，其次是2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除（IC = 82.61 ± 0.90 μg/mL）和2,2-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）阳离子自由基清除（IC = 55.20 ± 0.65 μg/mL）以及铜离子还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC）（IC = 76.41 ± 0.73 μg/mL）。在所研究的提取物中，己烷提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌表现出抗菌活性，具有不同的抑菌圈。通过气相色谱（GC）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）分析的木耳主要脂质成分是反油酸（38.22%）、棕榈酸（30.59%）、硬脂酸（13.21%）、亚油酸（4.35%）和壬二酸（4.29%）。通过配备光电二极管阵列检测的高效液相色谱（HPLC-DAD）系统测定的酚类化合物为对羟基苯甲酸（7.42 μg/g提取物）、肉桂酸（6.83 μg/g提取物）、没食子酸（5.36 μg/g提取物）和原儿茶酸（1.83 μg/g提取物）。结果表明，木耳有潜力成为开发新型抗癌和抗菌剂的天然来源，以及预防癌症的有益食品补充剂。
