Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou Hainan, China.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 29;16(10):e0255502. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255502. eCollection 2021.
We evaluated phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous (water) and organic extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Chenopodium glaucum. Highest phenolic content 45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g d.w was found in aqueous extract followed by ethyl acetate (41mg GAE/g d.w) and methanol extract (34.46 mg GAE/g d.w). Antibacterial potential of aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum was examined against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and S. epidermidis. However, against A. baumannii significantly higher inhibition zone (19 mm and 18.96 mm respectively) was shown by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Aqueous extract possessed highest growth inhibition (11 mm) against E. coli. Aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed 9 mm, 10 mm, and 10.33 mm zone of inhibition against the K. pneumoniae. For antifungal activity, the extracts were less effective against Aspergillus niger but showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The antioxidant activity was measured as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), H2O2 and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity of free radicals. All the organic extracts of C. glaucum possessed ABTS, DPPH and H2O2 scavenging properties. The highest cytotoxic activity measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against human lungs carcinoma cells was recorded for methanolic (IC50 = 16 μg/mL) and n-hexane (IC50 = 25 μg/mL) extracts, respectively. The Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed 4 major and 26 minor compounds in n-hexane extract and 4 major and 7 minor compounds in methanol extract of the C. glaucum. It is concluded that aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum would be potential therapeutic agents and could be exploited on a pilot scale to treat human pathogenic diseases.
我们评估了水（水）和有机提取物（甲醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷）的藜中的植物化学组成、抗菌、抗真菌、抗氧化和细胞毒性特性。水提取物中发现的最高酚含量为 45mg 没食子酸当量（GAE）/gd.w，其次是乙酸乙酯（41mg GAE/g d.w）和甲醇提取物（34.46mg GAE/g d.w）。我们检查了藜的水和有机提取物对鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌的抗菌潜力。水提物、甲醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷提取物均对鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性。然而，乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物对鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌圈明显较大（分别为 19mm 和 18.96mm）。水提取物对大肠杆菌的生长抑制作用最强（11mm）。水提物、乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑制带分别为 9mm、10mm 和 10.33mm。对于抗真菌活性，提取物对黑曲霉的作用较小，但对黄曲霉（黄曲霉）表现出很强的抗真菌活性。抗氧化活性的测定方法是 DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）、H2O2 和 ABTS（2,2'-偶氮双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸））清除自由基的能力。藜的所有有机提取物均具有 ABTS、DPPH 和 H2O2 清除能力。对人肺癌细胞的半数最大抑制浓度（IC50）的测定结果显示，甲醇提取物（IC50=16μg/ml）和正己烷提取物（IC50=25μg/ml）的细胞毒性最高。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析显示，正己烷提取物中有 4 种主要化合物和 26 种次要化合物，甲醇提取物中有 4 种主要化合物和 7 种次要化合物。综上所述，藜的水提物和有机提物可能是潜在的治疗药物，可以在试验规模上开发用于治疗人类致病疾病。
