Kamruzzaman Mohammad, Alam Samiul
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 6;10(21):e40130. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40130. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
The development of composite materials using natural fibers has garnered significant global research interest. Banana fibers, due to their abundant availability and rapid growth cycle, present a promising option for composite material development. When combined with synthetic fibers to form hybrid composites, the resulting material may exhibit significantly improved properties, which is desirable for automotive body manufacturing. The hybrid properties of such composites, however, remain largely unexplored and require thorough evaluation. This study investigates the mechanical performance of hybrid laminated composites fabricated from banana and woven glass fibers bonded with epoxy resin. The composites were produced using non-crimp banana (B) fiber and woven glass (WG) fiber fabrics through the hand lay-up process with four distinct stacking sequences: [WG/B-0⁰/B-0⁰/WG], [WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG], [WG/B-0⁰/B-60⁰/WG], and [WG/B-0⁰/B-90⁰/WG]. Comprehensive mechanical testing, including tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests, along with environmental testing (water diffusion) was conducted in accordance with ASTM standards. Results indicated that the [WG/B-0⁰/B-0⁰/WG] configuration exhibited the highest tensile strength, while the [WG/B-0⁰/B-60⁰/WG] configuration achieved superior flexural strength. The [WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG] configuration demonstrated the highest impact strength and energy absorption. Rockwell hardness testing revealed that the average hardness numbers for all orientations were approximately 79, which is considered moderate for composite materials. Water absorption tests showed maximum water saturation in [WG/B-0⁰/B-90⁰/WG] of ∼5.5 %, where the other laminates had water saturation between 4.5 and 4.9 %. The microscopic analysis of the [WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG] laminate suggests fiber-matrix debonding and fiber pull-out as the major cause of failure under tensile and flexural loading. These findings suggest that the hybrid laminated composites, particularly the [WG/B-0⁰/B-0⁰/WG] and [WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG] configurations, exhibit mechanical properties suitable for automotive body applications.
利用天然纤维开发复合材料已引起全球广泛的研究兴趣。香蕉纤维因其丰富的可得性和快速的生长周期，为复合材料的开发提供了一个有前景的选择。当与合成纤维结合形成混杂复合材料时，所得材料可能会展现出显著改善的性能，这对于汽车车身制造来说是很理想的。然而，这类复合材料的混杂性能在很大程度上仍未被探索，需要进行全面评估。本研究调查了由香蕉纤维和玻璃纤维布与环氧树脂粘结而成的混杂层压复合材料的力学性能。这些复合材料是通过手糊工艺，使用非卷曲香蕉（B）纤维和玻璃纤维布（WG）织物制作而成，有四种不同的堆叠顺序：[WG/B-0⁰/B-0⁰/WG]、[WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG]、[WG/B-0⁰/B-60⁰/WG]和[WG/B-0⁰/B-90⁰/WG]。按照ASTM标准进行了全面的力学测试，包括拉伸、弯曲、冲击和硬度测试，以及环境测试（水扩散）。结果表明，[WG/B-0⁰/B-0⁰/WG]结构展现出最高的拉伸强度，而[WG/B-0⁰/B-60⁰/WG]结构获得了优异的弯曲强度。[WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG]结构表现出最高的冲击强度和能量吸收。洛氏硬度测试显示所有取向的平均硬度值约为79，这对于复合材料来说属于中等水平。吸水性测试表明，[WG/B-0⁰/B-90⁰/WG]的最大水饱和度约为5.5%，其他层压板的水饱和度在4.5%至4.9%之间。对[WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG]层压板的微观分析表明，纤维与基体的脱粘和纤维拔出是拉伸和弯曲载荷下失效的主要原因。这些发现表明，混杂层压复合材料，特别是[WG/B-0⁰/B-0⁰/WG]和[WG/B-0⁰/B-45⁰/WG]结构，展现出适用于汽车车身应用的力学性能。
