Bojosi Kagiso, Olashore Anthony A, Roy Hlanganiso, Molebatsi Keneilwe
Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2025 Mar;71(2):338-348. doi: 10.1177/00207640241291500. Epub 2024 Nov 25.
Schizophrenia is becoming more prevalent globally, particularly in lower and middle-income countries. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significant risk factors for developing and worsening the disorder. This study aimed to determine the pattern and correlates of ACE among inpatients with Schizophrenia at Sbrana Psychiatric Hospital in Botswana.
In a cross-sectional cohort study, 128 adult patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia were sampled over a 6-month period. The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to study ACEs and assess schizophrenia severity. A regression model was used to determine factors that predicted the severity and frequency of admissions, with a significance level set at ⩽ .05.
Participants were mostly males (78.9%), with a mean age of 36.7 ( = 11.01). About 93.8% reported at least 1 ACE, and 56.3% had ⩾4 ACEs. There was a positive correlation between the number of ACEs and positive symptoms ( = .24, < .01) and the general psychopathology score ( = .18, < .05). Having an incarcerated household member (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI [1.02, 5.81]) was associated with PANSS >75. Participants who had experienced physical abuse were more likely to have multiple admissions (AOR = 5.88; 95% 95% CI [1.87, 18.51]).
Our findings highlight the high prevalence of multiple ACEs among patients with Schizophrenia. More interventions are therefore needed to mitigate the risk of ACEs.
精神分裂症在全球范围内正变得越来越普遍，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家。童年不良经历（ACEs）是该疾病发生和病情恶化的重要风险因素。本研究旨在确定博茨瓦纳斯布拉纳精神病院精神分裂症住院患者中ACEs的模式及其相关因素。
在一项横断面队列研究中，在6个月的时间里对128名被诊断为精神分裂症的成年患者进行了抽样。使用童年不良经历国际问卷（ACE-IQ）和阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）来研究ACEs并评估精神分裂症的严重程度。采用回归模型来确定预测住院严重程度和频率的因素，显著性水平设定为⩽.05。
参与者大多为男性（78.9%），平均年龄为36.7岁（=11.01）。约93.8%的人报告至少有1次ACEs，56.3%的人有⩾4次ACEs。ACEs的数量与阳性症状（=0.24，<0.01）和总体精神病理学评分（=0.18，<0.05）之间存在正相关。有家庭成员被监禁（调整后比值比[AOR]=2.43；95%置信区间[CI][1.02,5.81]）与PANSS>75相关。经历过身体虐待的参与者更有可能多次住院（AOR=5.88；95%95%CI[1.87,18.51]）。
我们的研究结果凸显了精神分裂症患者中多种ACEs的高患病率。因此，需要更多的干预措施来降低ACEs的风险。
