Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, 27157, NC, USA.
Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2024 Nov 25;23(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s11914-024-00897-9.
Once prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases develop, the prognosis dramatically declines. The precise mechanisms regulating bone metastasis remain elusive. This review will explore recent findings related to cytokines and chemokines in the process of bone metastases.
We discuss the role of cytokines in tumor growth, invasion, bone remodelling and angiogenesis and immune regulation in PCa skeletal metastases. Major advances in our understanding focus on immune evasion, immune checkpoint blockade, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), CAR-T cells, cytokine regulation of matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines including IL-10, IL-27, Interferon-γ, prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (Pmepa1), and regulation of RUNX2 transcription in supporting survival and growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and metastases development. The review highlights the complexity of cytokine actions in PCa bone metastases, suggesting potential therapeutic targets to disrupt interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment.
一旦前列腺癌（PCa）发生骨转移，预后将显著恶化。目前仍不清楚调节骨转移的确切机制。本文将探讨与骨转移过程中细胞因子和趋化因子相关的最新发现。
我们讨论了细胞因子在 PCa 骨骼转移中肿瘤生长、侵袭、骨重塑和血管生成以及免疫调节中的作用。我们对免疫逃逸、免疫检查点阻断、肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）、嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞（CAR-T 细胞）、细胞因子对基质金属蛋白酶的调节、细胞因子（包括白细胞介素-10、白细胞介素-27、干扰素-γ、前列腺跨膜蛋白雄激素诱导 1（Pmepa1））以及 RUNX2 转录的调节在支持播散性肿瘤细胞（DTCs）和转移发展中的生存和生长方面的理解取得了重大进展。该综述强调了细胞因子在 PCa 骨转移中的作用复杂性，提示了潜在的治疗靶点，以破坏癌细胞与其微环境之间的相互作用。
