Xiao Xiao, Wang Yitian, Li Tingyu, Wang Qiang, Luo Xiaolei, Li Jingdong, Gao Linbo
Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
Prog Neurobiol. 2024 Dec;243:102694. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102694. Epub 2024 Nov 23.
Short open reading frames (sORFs) are frequently overlooked because of their historical classification as non-coding elements or dismissed as "transcriptional noise". However, advanced genomic and proteomic technologies have allowed for screening and validating sORFs-encoded peptides, revealing their fundamental regulatory roles in cellular processes and sparking a growing interest in microprotein biology. In neuroscience, microproteins serve as neurotransmitters in signal transmission and regulate metabolism and emotions, exerting pivotal effects on neurological conditions such as nerve injury, neurogenic tumors, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the origins, characteristics, classifications, and functions of microproteins, focusing on their molecular mechanisms in neurological disorders. Potential applications, future perspectives, and challenges are discussed.
短开放阅读框（sORFs）常常被忽视，因为它们在历史上被归类为非编码元件，或者被视为“转录噪音”而不予考虑。然而，先进的基因组学和蛋白质组学技术使得筛选和验证sORFs编码的肽成为可能，揭示了它们在细胞过程中的基本调节作用，并引发了人们对微蛋白生物学日益增长的兴趣。在神经科学中，微蛋白在信号传递中充当神经递质，调节代谢和情绪，对神经损伤、神经源性肿瘤、炎症和神经退行性疾病等神经系统疾病发挥关键作用。这篇综述总结了微蛋白的起源、特征、分类和功能，重点关注它们在神经疾病中的分子机制。还讨论了潜在的应用、未来前景和挑战。
