Cabrita Ana R J, Barroso Carolina, Fontes-Sousa Ana Patrícia, Correia Alexandra, Teixeira Luzia, Maia Margarida R G, Vilanova Manuel, Yergaliyev Timur, Camarinha-Silva Amélia, Fonseca António J M
REQUIMTE, Network of Chemistry and Technology, LAQV, Laboratory for Green Chemistry, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacological Research and Drug Innovation (MedInUP), ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVET), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 11;11:1449141. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1449141. eCollection 2024.
Locally produced fish hydrolysate and oil from the agrifood sector comprises a sustainable solution both to the problem of fish waste disposal and to the petfood sector with potential benefits for the animal's health. This study evaluated the effects of the dietary replacement of mainly imported shrimp hydrolysate (5%) and salmon oil (3%; control diet) with locally produced fish hydrolysate (5%) and oil (3.2%) obtained from fish waste (experimental diet) on systemic inflammation markers, adipokines levels, cardiac function and fecal microbiota of adult dogs. Samples and measurements were taken from a feeding trial conducted according to a crossover design with two diets (control and experimental diets), six adult Beagle dogs per diet and two periods of 6 weeks each. The experimental diet, with higher docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids contents, decreased plasmatic triglycerides and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme, also tending to decrease total cholesterol. No effects of diet were observed on serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-12/IL-23 p40, and of the serum levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin. Blood pressure, heart rate and echocardiographic measurements were similar between diets with the only exception of left atrial to aorta diameter ratio that was higher in dogs fed the experimental diet, but without clinical relevance. Diet did not significantly affect fecal immunoglobulin A concentration. Regarding fecal microbiome, was the most abundant genus, followed by , , and , being the relative abundances of and genera positively affected by the experimental diet. Overall, results from the performed short term trial suggest that shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil can be replaced by protein hydrolysate and oil from fish by-products without affecting systemic inflammatory markers, cardiac structure and function, but potentially benefiting bacterial genera associated with healthy microbiome. Considering the high DHA and EPA contents and the antioxidant properties of fish oil and hydrolysate, it would be worthwhile in the future to assess their long-term effects on inflammatory markers and their role in spontaneous canine cardiac diseases and to perform metabolomic and metagenomics analysis to elucidate the relevance of microbiota changes in the gut.
农业食品部门本地生产的鱼水解物和鱼油，为鱼类废弃物处理问题和宠物食品行业提供了一种可持续的解决方案，对动物健康具有潜在益处。本研究评估了用从鱼废料中获得的本地生产的鱼水解物（5%）和油（3.2%）（实验日粮）替代主要进口的虾水解物（5%）和鲑鱼油（3%）（对照日粮）对成年犬全身炎症标志物、脂肪因子水平、心脏功能和粪便微生物群的影响。样本和测量数据取自一项根据交叉设计进行的饲养试验，该试验采用两种日粮（对照日粮和实验日粮），每种日粮有6只成年比格犬，分两个阶段，每个阶段6周。实验日粮中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）含量较高，可降低血浆甘油三酯和血管紧张素转换酶活性，总胆固醇也有降低趋势。日粮对促炎细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-8和IL-12/IL-23 p40的血清水平以及抗炎脂肪因子脂联素的血清水平均无影响。两种日粮的血压、心率和超声心动图测量结果相似，唯一例外的是，喂食实验日粮的犬左心房与主动脉直径比更高，但无临床意义。日粮对粪便免疫球蛋白A浓度无显著影响。关于粪便微生物群， 是最丰富的属，其次是 、 、 ，实验日粮对 和 属的相对丰度有正向影响。总体而言，本次短期试验结果表明，虾水解物和鲑鱼油可以被鱼副产品的蛋白水解物和油替代，而不会影响全身炎症标志物、心脏结构和功能，但可能有利于与健康微生物群相关的细菌属。考虑到鱼油和水解物中高含量的DHA和EPA以及抗氧化特性，未来有必要评估它们对炎症标志物的长期影响及其在自发性犬类心脏病中的作用，并进行代谢组学和宏基因组学分析，以阐明肠道微生物群变化的相关性。
