Laaraj Salah, Tikent Aziz, Chebaibi Mohamed, Bouaouda Khawla, Bouhrim Mohamed, Sweilam Sherouk Hussein, Herqash Rashed N, Shahat Abdelaaty A, Addi Mohamed, Elfazazi Kaoutar
Agri-food Technology and Quality Laboratory, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, Bp 415 Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco.
Environmental, Ecological, and Agro-Industrial Engineering Laboratory, LGEEAI, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Sultan Moulay Slimane University (USMS), Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Nov 1;46(11):12375-12396. doi: 10.3390/cimb46110735.
contain numerous bioactive compounds that provide several advantages, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic characteristics. This study aimed to make a hydroethanolic extract from the aerial part of the plant, analyze its biochemical compounds, and test its biological activities. From HPLC-DAD analysis, cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillin bioactives were found to be the main compounds in the extract. The spectrometric tests revealed that the extract was rich in flavonoids (8.52 ± 0.32 mg RE/100 g DW), polyphenols (159.32 ± 0.63 mg GAE/100 g DW), and condensed tannins (8.73 ± 0.23 mg CE/100 g DW). The extract showed significant antioxidant activity. There were strong correlations between the amount of flavonoid or polyphenol and the antioxidant assays, including ABTS, DPPH, β-carotene, and TAC. The extract also showed highly effective results against Gram-positive bacteria and as well as against Gram-negative bacteria and , and showed promising cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The in silico modeling of the bioactive compounds contained in the extract illustrated their interaction mode with the active sites of particular target proteins, and it showed that rutin had the strongest effect on stopping NADPH oxidase enzyme, with a glide score of -6.889 Kcal/mol. Sinapic acid inhibited beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase (-7.517 kcal/mol), and apigenin showed high binding affinity to nucleoside di-phosphate kinase, with -8.656 kcal/mol. Succinic acid has the strongest anticancer effect for caspase-3, with a glide score of -8.102 kcal/mol. These bioactive components may be beneficial as antioxidant and antibacterial applications in medicine, foods, natural cosmetics, and breast cancer prevention in the future. As a result, the use of this indigenous plant must be considered to maximize its value and preservation.
含有多种生物活性化合物，具有多种优势，包括抗氧化、抗菌、抗癌、神经保护、抗炎和抗糖尿病特性。本研究旨在从该植物地上部分制备乙醇提取物，分析其生化成分，并测试其生物活性。通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）分析发现，肉桂酸、芥子酸和香草醛生物活性成分是提取物中的主要化合物。光谱测试表明，该提取物富含黄酮类化合物（8.52±0.32毫克芦丁当量/100克干重）、多酚（159.32±0.63毫克没食子酸当量/100克干重）和缩合单宁（8.73±0.23毫克儿茶素当量/100克干重）。提取物显示出显著的抗氧化活性。黄酮类化合物或多酚的含量与抗氧化试验（包括ABTS、DPPH、β-胡萝卜素和总抗氧化能力）之间存在很强的相关性。该提取物对革兰氏阳性菌以及革兰氏阴性菌也显示出高效的抗菌效果，并且对乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和MDA-MB-231显示出有前景的细胞毒性。提取物中所含生物活性化合物的计算机模拟显示了它们与特定靶蛋白活性位点的相互作用模式，结果表明芦丁对阻止NADPH氧化酶的作用最强，滑行评分-6.889千卡/摩尔。芥子酸抑制β-酮酰基-[酰基载体蛋白]合酶（-7.517千卡/摩尔），芹菜素对核苷二磷酸激酶显示出高结合亲和力，为-8.656千卡/摩尔。琥珀酸对caspase-3的抗癌作用最强，滑行评分为-8.102千卡/摩尔。这些生物活性成分未来在医学、食品、天然化妆品和乳腺癌预防中作为抗氧化和抗菌应用可能是有益的。因此，必须考虑使用这种本土植物以最大化其价值并加以保护。
