Laaraj Salah, Tikent Aziz, El-Rhouttais Chaimae, Farihi Ayoub, Ed-Dra Abdelaziz, Bouhrim Mohamed, Mothana Ramzi A, Noman Omar M, Salmaoui Souad, Addi Mohamed, Serghini-Caid Hana, Noutfia Younes, Elfazazi Kaoutar
Agri-food Technology and Quality Laboratory, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat principal, Rabat, 10090, Morocco.
Environmental, Ecological, and Agro-Industrial Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), LGEEAI, Sultan Moulay Slimane University (USMS), Beni Mellal, Morocco.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31115. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82318-6.
The phytochemical, nutritional, and biological features of wild carob pulp from Tanzight (TN), Ait-Waada (AW), and Tizi-ghnayn (TG) in Azilal were studied. The results of the study reveal that the carob pulp examined has a low-fat level. AW had the most total sugar (78.34 ± 3.00%), total reducing sugar (27.20 ± 2.89%), crude fiber (14.21 ± 1.23%), sucrose (24.303 ± 0.038%), sodium (153.7 ± 18.52 mg/kg), pH (5.599 ± 0.05), and total polyphenol content (4134.50 ± 17.91 mg GAE/100 g DW). TG has higher amounts of potassium (11373 ± 153.7 mg/kg), calcium (4345 ± 7.211 mg/kg), phosphorus (3551 ± 175.1 mg/kg), magnesium (1347 ± 52.43 mg/kg), fructose (7.635 ± 0.012%), and total flavonoids (1678.08 ± 24.05 mg RE/100 g DW). TN has the highest levels of crude protein (5.607 ± 0.047%), moisture (9.33 ± 0.57%), ash (4.16 ± 0.02%), glucose (2.956 ± 0.047%), and total condensed tannins (529.61 ± 6.76 mg CE/100 g DW). The ethanol extract derived from AW exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity, as evidenced by its total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of 1245.83 ± 26.33 µg ascorbic acid equivalent /mg extract and IC values of 18.45 ± 1.41 µg/mL, 124.98 ± 5.21 µg/mL, and 24.87 ± 1.30 µmol/mL for 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), beta carotene (β-Carotene), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-éthylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), respectively. Furthermore, AW has demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains using disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The analysed samples also demonstrated encouraging anti-cancer effects on MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The biological activities were confirmed through molecular docking analysis, identifying naringin and quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside as related compounds. Additionally, ADME analyses have revealed that all the synthetic compounds examined in this study demonstrate high intestinal absorption, meet Lipinski's criteria, indicating their potential suitability for oral drug development. Based on these findings, wild carob pulp from Azilal province may contain bioactive compounds and nutrients.
对阿齐拉尔地区坦齐特（TN）、艾特-瓦达（AW）和提济-格纳因（TG）的野生角豆果肉的植物化学、营养和生物学特性进行了研究。研究结果表明，所检测的角豆果肉脂肪含量较低。AW的总糖含量最高（78.34 ± 3.00%）、总还原糖含量最高（27.20 ± 2.89%）、粗纤维含量最高（14.21 ± 1.23%）、蔗糖含量最高（24.303 ± 0.038%）、钠含量最高（153.7 ± 18.52毫克/千克）、pH值最高（5.599 ± 0.05）以及总多酚含量最高（4134.50 ± 17.91毫克没食子酸当量/100克干重）。TG的钾含量较高（11373 ± 153.7毫克/千克）、钙含量较高（4345 ± 7.211毫克/千克）、磷含量较高（3551 ± 175.1毫克/千克）、镁含量较高（1347 ± 52.43毫克/千克）、果糖含量较高（7.635 ± 0.012%）以及总黄酮含量较高（1678.08 ± 24.05毫克芦丁当量/100克干重）。TN的粗蛋白含量最高（5.607 ± 0.047%）、水分含量最高（9.33 ± 0.57%）、灰分含量最高（4.16 ± 0.02%）、葡萄糖含量最高（2.956 ± 0.047%）以及总缩合单宁含量最高（529.61 ± 6.76毫克儿茶素当量/100克干重）。AW的乙醇提取物表现出显著的抗氧化活性，其总抗氧化能力（TAC）为1245.83 ± 26.33微克抗坏血酸当量/毫克提取物，对2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）、β-胡萝卜素（β-胡萝卜素）和2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）的半数抑制浓度（IC）值分别为18.45 ± 1.41微克/毫升、124.98 ± 5.21微克/毫升和24.87 ± 1.30微摩尔/毫升。此外，AW使用纸片扩散法和肉汤稀释法对多种细菌和真菌菌株表现出显著的抗菌活性。所分析的样本对MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-436和MCF-7癌细胞系也表现出令人鼓舞的确抗癌效果。通过分子对接分析证实了这些生物活性，确定柚皮苷和槲皮素3-O-β-葡萄糖苷为相关化合物。此外，药物代谢动力学分析表明，本研究中检测的所有合成化合物均表现出高肠道吸收性，符合Lipinski规则（类药五原则），表明它们具有用于口服药物开发的潜在适用性。基于这些发现，阿齐拉尔省的野生角豆果肉可能含有生物活性化合物和营养成分。
