Kranjac Marina, Kuś Piotr Marek, Prđun Saša, Odžak Renata, Tuberoso Carlo Ignazio Giovanni
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
Metabolites. 2024 Nov 8;14(11):606. doi: 10.3390/metabo14110606.
This review presents the latest research on chromatography-based metabolomics for bioorganic research of honey, considering targeted, suspect, and untargeted metabolomics involving metabolite profiling and metabolite fingerprinting. These approaches give an insight into the metabolic diversity of different honey varieties and reveal different classes of organic compounds in the metabolic profiles, among which, key metabolites such as biomarkers and bioactive compounds can be highlighted. Chromatography-based metabolomics strategies have significantly impacted different aspects of bioorganic research, including primary areas such as botanical origins, honey origin traceability, entomological origins, and honey maturity. Through the use of different tools for complex data analysis, these strategies contribute to the detection, assessment, and/or correlation of different honey parameters and attributes. Bioorganic research is mainly focused on phytochemicals and their transformation, but the chemical changes that can occur during the different stages of honey formation remain a challenge. Furthermore, the latest user- and environmentally friendly sample preparation methods and technologies as well as future perspectives and the role of chromatography-based metabolomic strategies in honey characterization are discussed. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest metabolomics strategies contributing to bioorganic research onf honey, with emphasis on the (i) metabolite analysis by gas and liquid chromatography techniques; (ii) key metabolites in the obtained metabolic profiles; (iii) formation and accumulation of biogenic volatile and non-volatile markers; (iv) sample preparation procedures; (v) data analysis, including software and databases; and (vi) conclusions and future perspectives. For the present review, the literature search strategy was based on the PRISMA guidelines and focused on studies published between 2019 and 2024. This review outlines the importance of metabolomics strategies for potential innovations in characterizing honey and unlocking its full bioorganic potential.
本综述介绍了基于色谱的代谢组学在蜂蜜生物有机研究方面的最新研究，涵盖了靶向、可疑和非靶向代谢组学，包括代谢物谱分析和代谢物指纹识别。这些方法有助于深入了解不同蜂蜜品种的代谢多样性，并揭示代谢谱中的不同有机化合物类别，其中可以突出生物标志物和生物活性化合物等关键代谢物。基于色谱的代谢组学策略对生物有机研究的不同方面产生了重大影响，包括植物来源、蜂蜜来源可追溯性、昆虫来源和蜂蜜成熟度等主要领域。通过使用不同的复杂数据分析工具，这些策略有助于检测、评估和/或关联不同的蜂蜜参数和属性。生物有机研究主要集中在植物化学物质及其转化方面，但蜂蜜形成不同阶段可能发生的化学变化仍然是一个挑战。此外，还讨论了最新的用户友好型和环境友好型样品制备方法与技术，以及基于色谱的代谢组学策略在蜂蜜表征中的未来前景和作用。本综述的目的是总结有助于蜂蜜生物有机研究的最新代谢组学策略，重点关注：（i）气相色谱和液相色谱技术进行的代谢物分析；（ii）所获得代谢谱中的关键代谢物；（iii）生物源挥发性和非挥发性标志物的形成与积累；（iv）样品制备程序；（v）数据分析，包括软件和数据库；以及（vi）结论和未来前景。对于本综述，文献检索策略基于PRISMA指南，重点关注2019年至2024年发表的研究。本综述概述了代谢组学策略对于在表征蜂蜜和挖掘其全部生物有机潜力方面实现潜在创新的重要性。
