Murtaza Saqib, Becheikh Nidhal, Rahman Ata Ur, Sambas Aceng, Maatki Chemseddine, Kolsi Lioua, Ahmad Zubair
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Rd, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar P.O. Box 1321, Saudi Arabia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Nov 20;14(22):1855. doi: 10.3390/nano14221855.
Nanofluids have improved thermophysical properties compared to conventional fluids, which makes them promising successors in fluid technology. The use of nanofluids enables optimal thermal efficiency to be achieved by introducing a minimal concentration of nanoparticles that are stably suspended in conventional fluids. The use of nanofluids in technology and industry is steadily increasing due to their effective implementation. The improved thermophysical properties of nanofluids have a significant impact on their effectiveness in convection phenomena. The technology is not yet complete at this point; binary and ternary nanofluids are currently being used to improve the performance of conventional fluids. Therefore, this work aims to theoretically investigate the ternary nanofluid flow of a couple stress fluid in a vertical channel. A homogeneous suspension of alumina, cuprous oxide, and titania nanoparticles is formed by dispersing trihybridized nanoparticles in a base fluid (water). The effects of pressure gradient and viscous dissipation are also considered in the analysis. The classical ternary nanofluid model with couple stress was generalized using the fractal-fractional derivative (FFD) operator. The Crank-Nicolson technique helped to discretize the generalized model, which was then solved using computer tools. To investigate the properties of the fluid flow and the distribution of thermal energy in the fluid, numerical methods were used to calculate the solution, which was then plotted as a function of various physical factors. The graphical results show that at a volume fraction of 0.04 (corresponding to 4% of the base fluid), the heat transfer rate of the ternary nanofluid flow increases significantly compared to the binary and unary nanofluid flows.
与传统流体相比,纳米流体具有改进的热物理性质,这使其成为流体技术中很有前景的后继者。纳米流体的使用能够通过引入稳定悬浮在传统流体中的最低浓度纳米颗粒来实现最佳热效率。由于其有效应用,纳米流体在技术和工业中的使用正在稳步增加。纳米流体改进的热物理性质对其在对流现象中的有效性有重大影响。目前这项技术尚未完善;二元和三元纳米流体目前正被用于改善传统流体的性能。因此,这项工作旨在从理论上研究垂直通道中耦合应力流体的三元纳米流体流动。通过将三杂交纳米颗粒分散在基液(水)中形成氧化铝、氧化亚铜和二氧化钛纳米颗粒的均匀悬浮液。分析中还考虑了压力梯度和粘性耗散的影响。使用分形 - 分数导数(FFD)算子对具有耦合应力的经典三元纳米流体模型进行了推广。克兰克 - 尼科尔森技术有助于离散化广义模型,然后使用计算机工具求解。为了研究流体流动的性质和流体中热能的分布,使用数值方法计算解,然后将其绘制为各种物理因素的函数。图形结果表明,在体积分数为0.04(对应于基液的4%)时,三元纳米流体流动的传热速率与二元和一元纳米流体流动相比显著增加。