Archambault Marie-Jeanne, Tshibwabwa Laetitia Mwadi, Côté-Cyr Mélanie, Moffet Serge, Shiao Tze Chieh, Bourgault Steve
Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Nov 19;12(11):1290. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12111290.
Glycoconjugate vaccines have been effective in preventing numerous bacterial infectious diseases and have shown recent potential to treat cancers through active immunotherapy. Soluble polysaccharides elicit short-lasting immune responses and are usually covalently linked to immunogenic carrier proteins to enhance the antigen-specific immune response by stimulating T-cell-dependent mechanisms. Nonetheless, the conjugation of purified polysaccharides to carrier proteins complexifies vaccine production, and immunization with protein glycoconjugates can lead to the undesirable immunogenic interference of the carrier. Recently, the use of nanoparticles and nanoassemblies for the delivery of antigenic saccharides has gathered attention from the scientific community. Nanoparticles can be easily functionalized with a diversity of functionalities, including T-cell epitope, immunomodulator and synthetic saccharides, allowing for the modulation and polarization of the glycoantigen-specific immune response. Notably, the conjugation of glycan to nanoparticles protects the antigens from degradation and enhances their uptake by immune cells. Different types of nanoparticles, such as liposomes assembled from lipids, inorganic nanoparticles, virus-like particles and dendrimers, have been explored for glycovaccine design. The versatility of nanoparticles and their ability to induce robust immune responses make them attractive delivery platforms for antigenic saccharides. The present review aims at summarizing recent advancements in the use of nano-scaled systems for the delivery of synthetic glycoantigens. After briefly presenting the immunological mechanisms required to promote a robust immune response against antigenic saccharides, this review will offer an overview of the current trends in the nanoparticle-based delivery of glycoantigens.
糖缀合物疫苗在预防多种细菌感染性疾病方面已显示出成效，并且最近还展现出通过主动免疫疗法治疗癌症的潜力。可溶性多糖引发的免疫反应持续时间较短，通常与免疫原性载体蛋白共价连接，通过刺激T细胞依赖性机制来增强抗原特异性免疫反应。尽管如此，将纯化的多糖与载体蛋白偶联会使疫苗生产变得复杂，并且用蛋白质糖缀合物进行免疫可能会导致载体产生不良的免疫原性干扰。最近，使用纳米颗粒和纳米组装体递送抗原性糖类已引起科学界的关注。纳米颗粒可以轻松地用多种功能进行功能化修饰，包括T细胞表位、免疫调节剂和合成糖类，从而实现糖抗原特异性免疫反应的调节和极化。值得注意的是，聚糖与纳米颗粒的偶联可保护抗原不被降解，并增强免疫细胞对它们的摄取。不同类型的纳米颗粒，如由脂质组装而成的脂质体、无机纳米颗粒、病毒样颗粒和树枝状大分子，已被用于糖疫苗的设计。纳米颗粒的多功能性及其诱导强大免疫反应的能力使其成为抗原性糖类有吸引力的递送平台。本综述旨在总结使用纳米级系统递送合成糖抗原的最新进展。在简要介绍促进针对抗原性糖类产生强大免疫反应所需的免疫机制后，本综述将概述基于纳米颗粒递送糖抗原的当前趋势。
