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Institute for Applied Research in Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jan 16;15(2):122. doi: 10.3390/nano15020122.
Nano-oncologic vaccines represent a groundbreaking approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy, leveraging the unique advantages of nanotechnology to enhance the effectiveness and specificity of cancer treatments. These vaccines utilize nanoscale carriers to deliver tumor-associated antigens and immunostimulatory adjuvants, facilitating targeted immune activation and promoting robust antitumor responses. By improving antigen presentation and localizing immune activation within the tumor microenvironment, nano-oncologic vaccines can significantly increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, particularly when combined with other treatment modalities. This review highlights the mechanisms through which nano-oncologic vaccines operate, their potential to overcome existing limitations in cancer treatment, and ongoing advancements in design. Additionally, it discusses the targeted delivery approach, such as EPR effects, pH response, ultrasonic response, and magnetic response. The combination therapy effects with photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitors are also discussed. Overall, nano-oncologic vaccines hold great promise for changing the landscape of cancer treatment and advancing personalized medicine, paving the way for more effective therapeutic strategies tailored to individual patient needs.
纳米肿瘤疫苗是癌症免疫治疗领域的一种开创性方法，它利用纳米技术的独特优势来提高癌症治疗的有效性和特异性。这些疫苗利用纳米级载体递送肿瘤相关抗原和免疫刺激佐剂，促进靶向免疫激活并引发强大的抗肿瘤反应。通过改善抗原呈递并将免疫激活定位在肿瘤微环境中，纳米肿瘤疫苗可以显著提高癌症免疫治疗的疗效，尤其是与其他治疗方式联合使用时。本综述重点介绍了纳米肿瘤疫苗的作用机制、克服现有癌症治疗局限性的潜力以及设计方面的持续进展。此外，还讨论了靶向递送方法，如增强渗透与滞留（EPR）效应、pH响应、超声响应和磁响应。还讨论了与光热疗法、放射疗法或免疫检查点抑制剂的联合治疗效果。总体而言，纳米肿瘤疫苗在改变癌症治疗格局和推进个性化医疗方面具有巨大潜力，为根据个体患者需求定制更有效的治疗策略铺平了道路。
