Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China.
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali 671000, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Oct 22;16(11):452. doi: 10.3390/toxins16110452.
Arthritis has a high global prevalence. During the early ancient human era, bee () venom therapy was employed in Egypt, Greece, and China to alleviate ailments such as arthritis and neuralgia. In addition, bee venom has long been used as a traditional medicine for immune-related diseases in Korea. Wasp () venom is a folk medicine of the Jingpo people in Yunnan, China, and has been widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. In spite of this, the underlying mechanisms of bee and wasp venoms for the treatment of arthritis are yet to be fully understood. In recent years, researchers have investigated the potential anti-arthritic properties of bee and wasp venoms. Studies have shown that both bee and wasp venom can improve swelling, pain, and inflammation caused by arthritis. The difference is that bee venom reduces arthritis damage to bone and cartilage by inhibiting the IRAK2/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway, as well as decreasing osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. Wasp venom, on the other hand, regulates synovial cell apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, inhibits the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to reduce inflammation production, and also ameliorates joint inflammation by regulating redox balance and iron death in synovial cells. This review provides a detailed overview of the various types of arthritis and their current therapeutic approaches; additionally, it comprehensively analyzes the therapeutic properties of bee venom, wasp venom, or venom components used as anti-arthritic drugs and explores their mechanisms of action in anti-arthritic therapy.
关节炎在全球具有较高的患病率。在远古人类时代，在埃及、希腊和中国，人们就采用蜂毒疗法来缓解关节炎和神经痛等疾病。此外，蜂毒在韩国长期以来被用作治疗与免疫相关疾病的传统药物。黄蜂毒液是中国云南景颇族的民间药物，被广泛用于治疗类风湿性关节炎。尽管如此，蜂毒和黄蜂毒液治疗关节炎的潜在机制仍未被完全理解。近年来，研究人员研究了蜂毒和黄蜂毒液的潜在抗关节炎特性。研究表明，蜂毒和黄蜂毒液都可以改善关节炎引起的肿胀、疼痛和炎症。不同之处在于，蜂毒通过抑制 IRAK2/TAK1/NF-κB 信号通路、NF-κB 信号通路和 JAK/STAT 信号通路，以及通过抑制 RANKL/RANK 信号通路抑制破骨细胞形成，减少关节炎对骨和软骨的损伤。另一方面，黄蜂毒液通过 Bax/Bcl-2 信号通路调节滑膜细胞凋亡，抑制 JAK/STAT 信号通路减少炎症产物的产生，通过调节滑膜细胞中的氧化还原平衡和铁死亡来改善关节炎症。本综述详细介绍了各种类型的关节炎及其当前的治疗方法；此外，还全面分析了蜂毒、黄蜂毒液或用作抗关节炎药物的毒液成分的治疗特性，并探讨了它们在抗关节炎治疗中的作用机制。
