Departamento de Cardiología.
Departamento de Terapia Intensiva.
Arch Cardiol Mex. 2024;94(4):495-501. doi: 10.24875/ACM.23000187.
Kounis syndrome (KS) was first described in 1991 by Kounis and Zavras and is also known as allergic angina syndrome or allergy myocardial infarction. It is a rare, and frequently undiagnosed syndrome that is characterized by an anaphylactic reaction. Allergens cause massive degranulation of mast cells leading to coronary spasm, microvascular angina, and/or endothelial dysfunction with myocardial infarction. The annual incidence of severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis with circulatory symptoms is about 7.9-9.6 cases per 100,000 people. More than 300 cases of KS have been described after exposure to various agents such as drugs, insect venoms, food, or medicated stents. Although the incidence of KS is very low, the incidence of myocardial infarction due to anaphylaxis secondary to gadolinium is even lower, reported in a range of 0.002-0.01%. The objective of this article is to review the current data on KS, regarding a case of allergy to gadolinium, which has an extremely low incidence.
Kounis 综合征（KS）于 1991 年由 Kounis 和 Zavras 首次描述，也称为过敏性心绞痛综合征或过敏心肌梗死。它是一种罕见的、经常未被诊断的综合征，其特征是过敏反应。过敏原引起肥大细胞大量脱颗粒，导致冠状动脉痉挛、微血管心绞痛和/或内皮功能障碍伴心肌梗死。每年有 7.9-9.6 例严重、危及生命的过敏反应伴循环症状，发病率约为每 10 万人 7.9-9.6 例。已有超过 300 例 KS 病例是在接触各种药物、昆虫毒液、食物或药物洗脱支架等药物后描述的。尽管 KS 的发病率非常低，但由于过敏引起的心肌梗死继发于钆的发病率甚至更低，报道范围为 0.002-0.01%。本文的目的是回顾目前关于 KS 的数据，包括一例对钆过敏的病例，其发病率极低。
