Yang Bolu, Wang Ray, Shen Qianqian, Wang Jia, Long Qian
Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.
School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2025 Mar 24;27(4):628-636. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntae253.
Since the ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2005, mainland China has experienced notable delays in implementing the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This study aims to examine the legislation and implementation of smoke-free laws in different cities in mainland China, with a particular focus on identifying factors that contribute to these differences.
Through a literature review and policy mapping, we gathered information on the variations in smoke-free laws' legislation and implementation across mainland China. To delve deeper into the local specifics of implementation and the factors contributing to these variations, qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 key stakeholders in two selected cities. This group included former policy makers, policy experts, enforcement officers, and public venue owners.
Although the revision of Healthy Cities standards advocates for the enactment of smoking bans post-2021, less than half of these cities have implemented comprehensive smoke-free laws. This phenomenon can be partly attributed to the tobacco industry's significant influence in the legislative process and to policy makers' limited understanding of smoking rooms/areas being temporary measures without setting clear end dates for transition periods. We also identified inconsistent implementation across selected cities, attributed to inadequate coordination and workforce shortages.
Our study reveals significant variations and delays in the adoption of smoke-free laws across different cities in mainland China. We identify key factors contributing to this disparity, underscoring the urgent need for targeted measures to address these challenges, such as setting up a coordinated department and promoting policy advocacy.
This study reveals geographical disparities in the legislative progress and enforcement effectiveness of smoke-free laws in mainland China. Persistent interference from the tobacco industry has obstructed the establishment of comprehensive smoke-free laws. Additionally, policy makers' limited awareness of the harm caused by designated smoking areas, regional economic disparities, and inadequate interdepartmental coordination have impeded effective policy implementation. These findings underscore the urgent need to set enforcement goals aligned with local economic contexts and strengthen policy dialogue to empower policy makers and stakeholders to mitigate tobacco industry influence and achieve successful implementation.
自2005年《烟草控制框架公约》批准以来，中国大陆在实施《烟草控制框架公约》方面明显滞后。本研究旨在考察中国大陆不同城市无烟法律的立法与实施情况，尤其着重于找出导致这些差异的因素。
通过文献综述和政策梳理，我们收集了中国大陆各地无烟法律立法与实施方面的差异信息。为更深入了解实施的地方具体情况以及导致这些差异的因素，我们在两个选定城市对16名关键利益相关者进行了定性访谈。这一群体包括前政策制定者、政策专家、执法人员和公共场所业主。
尽管《健康城市标准》修订版提倡在2021年后颁布禁烟令，但这些城市中不到一半实施了全面无烟法律。这一现象部分可归因于烟草行业在立法过程中的重大影响，以及政策制定者对吸烟室/吸烟区作为临时措施且未明确过渡期结束日期的理解有限。我们还发现选定城市间实施情况不一致，原因是协调不足和人员短缺。
我们的研究揭示了中国大陆不同城市在采用无烟法律方面存在显著差异和延迟。我们确定了造成这种差距的关键因素，强调迫切需要采取针对性措施应对这些挑战，如设立协调部门和推动政策宣传。
本研究揭示了中国大陆无烟法律立法进展和执法成效的地域差异。烟草行业的持续干预阻碍了全面无烟法律的建立。此外，政策制定者对指定吸烟区危害的认识有限、地区经济差异以及部门间协调不足阻碍了有效政策实施。这些发现强调迫切需要设定与当地经济情况相符的执法目标，并加强政策对话，以使政策制定者和利益相关者能够减轻烟草行业影响并实现成功实施。
