Subbiahanadar Chelladurai Karthikeyan, Selvan Christyraj Jackson Durairaj, Rajagopalan Kamarajan, Vadivelu Kayalvizhi, Chandrasekar Meikandan, Das Puja, Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal, Balamurugan Nivedha, Subramanian Vijayalakshmi, Selvan Christyraj Johnson Retnaraj Samuel
Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
J Artif Organs. 2025 Jun;28(2):131-145. doi: 10.1007/s10047-024-01478-4. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
Model systems are critical in biomedical and preclinical research. Animal and in vitro models serve an important role in our current understanding of human physiology, disease pathophysiology, and therapy development. However, if the system is between cell culture and animal models, it may be able to overcome the knowledge gap that exists in the current system. Studies employing ex vivo organs as models have not been thoroughly investigated. Though the integration of other organs and systems has an impact on many biological mechanisms and disorders, it can add a new dimension to modeling and aid in the identification of new possible therapeutic targets. Here, we have discussed why the ex vivo organ model is desirable and the importance of the inclusion of organs from diverse species, described its historical aspects, studied organs as models in scientific research, and its ex vivo stability. We also discussed, how an ex vivo organ model might help researchers better understand organ physiology, as well as organ-specific diseases and therapeutic targets. We emphasized how this ex vivo organ dynamics will be more competent than existing models, as well as what tissues or organs would have potentially viable longevity for ex vivo modeling including human tissues, organs, and/or at least biopsies and its possible advantage in clinical medicine including organ transplantation procedure and precision medicine.
模型系统在生物医学和临床前研究中至关重要。动物模型和体外模型在我们当前对人体生理学、疾病病理生理学及治疗方法开发的理解中发挥着重要作用。然而，如果该系统介于细胞培养和动物模型之间，或许能够弥补当前系统中存在的知识空白。利用离体器官作为模型的研究尚未得到充分探究。尽管其他器官和系统的整合会对许多生物学机制和病症产生影响，但它能够为建模增添新的维度，并有助于确定新的潜在治疗靶点。在此，我们探讨了为何离体器官模型是可取的，以及纳入不同物种器官的重要性，描述了其历史背景，研究了作为科研模型的器官及其离体稳定性。我们还讨论了离体器官模型如何能够帮助研究人员更好地理解器官生理学以及器官特异性疾病和治疗靶点。我们强调了这种离体器官动态如何比现有模型更具优势，以及哪些组织或器官对于离体建模可能具有潜在的可行寿命，包括人体组织、器官，和/或至少活检样本，及其在临床医学中的可能优势，包括器官移植手术和精准医学。
