Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
Department of Mental Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 26;24(1):851. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06310-0.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, characterized by developmentally inappropriate inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) studies have revealed brain dysfunction in ADHD. However, few studies have estimated the stability of dynamic functional architecture of children with ADHD. The present study attempted to identify the functional stability (FS) abnormalities associated with ADHD in drug-naïve children.
The resting-state fMRI of 42 children with ADHD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were collected. Using the sliding window approach, FS of each voxel was obtained by measuring the concordance of dynamic FC over time. Further, the seed based dynamic FC (dFC) was conducted to explore the specific brain regions with dFC alteration related to these brain regions with altered FS. Then, the inter-group comparison and correlation analysis were performed.
We found that children with ADHD exhibited (1) decreased FS in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and increased FS in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), which both belong to the default mode network (DMN); (2) increased dFC between the bilateral SFG of DMN and the left insula of salience networks (SN) (GRF, voxel-wise p < 0.001, cluster-wise p < 0.05); (3) decreased dFC between the right MTG and the left cerebellum posterior lobe, and (3) worse performance in the Stroop test that significantly correlate with decreased FS in the bilateral SFG (p = 0.043, FDR corrected).
Our findings showed that the abnormal functional architecture involved the DMN (the bilateral SFG and right MTG) and SN (left insula) regions in children with ADHD. This preliminary study provides novel insight into the dynamic brain functional networks in ADHD.
注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期最常见的神经发育障碍，其特征是发育性注意力不集中和/或多动/冲动症状。静态和动态功能连接（FC）研究已经揭示了 ADHD 中的大脑功能障碍。然而，很少有研究估计 ADHD 儿童的动态功能架构的稳定性。本研究试图确定与 ADHD 相关的功能稳定性（FS）异常。
采集了 42 名 ADHD 儿童和 30 名健康对照（HC）的静息态 fMRI。使用滑动窗口方法，通过测量动态 FC 随时间的一致性来获得每个体素的 FS。进一步进行基于种子的动态 FC（dFC），以探索与这些改变的 FS 相关的特定脑区与改变的 dFC 相关的脑区。然后进行组间比较和相关分析。
我们发现，ADHD 儿童表现出：（1）双侧额上回（SFG）的 FS 降低，右侧颞中回（MTG）的 FS 升高，这两个脑区都属于默认模式网络（DMN）；（2）DMN 双侧 SFG 与突显网络（SN）左侧岛叶之间的 dFC 增加（GRF，体素水平 p<0.001，簇水平 p<0.05）；（3）右侧 MTG 与左侧小脑后叶之间的 dFC 降低；（3）Stroop 测试表现更差，与双侧 SFG 的 FS 降低显著相关（p=0.043，经 FDR 校正）。
我们的研究结果表明，ADHD 儿童的异常功能结构涉及 DMN（双侧 SFG 和右侧 MTG）和 SN（左侧岛叶）区域。这项初步研究为 ADHD 中的动态脑功能网络提供了新的见解。
