Blasi Francesca, Trovarelli Valentina, Mangiapelo Luciano, Ianni Federica, Cossignani Lina
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Foods. 2024 Nov 6;13(22):3541. doi: 10.3390/foods13223541.
In this review, the potential role of grape pomace (GP) as a tool for improving feed has been critically summarized, considering the findings of the literature of the last five years (2020-2024). The main applications of GP to the nutrition of different animals and the impact on derived foods (meat, milk and dairy products, eggs, fish) are discussed along with the major advantages and limits. Emphasis was placed on the phenols and fatty acids of GP, which are considered phytochemicals with health-promoting effects. Phenolic compounds increase the antioxidant potential of animal-based foods even if their content and profile are strongly related to grape cultivar and geographical origin. Unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and oleic acids, contributed to extending the shelf life of new products. Few approaches exploited chemometrics tools. Generally, GP showed a promising role in feed fortification, even if, in most cases, GP was key only if used in a correct percentage within a balanced diet and for an adequate administration time. From a multidisciplinary perspective, future research endeavors should prioritize a larger sampling, a deep phenol fraction characterization, and an appropriate chemometric approach.
在本综述中，结合过去五年（2020 - 2024年）的文献研究结果，对葡萄渣（GP）作为改善饲料的一种工具的潜在作用进行了批判性总结。讨论了葡萄渣在不同动物营养中的主要应用以及对衍生食品（肉类、牛奶及奶制品、蛋类、鱼类）的影响，同时阐述了其主要优点和局限性。重点关注了葡萄渣中的酚类和脂肪酸，它们被认为是具有促进健康作用的植物化学物质。酚类化合物可提高动物性食品的抗氧化能力，不过其含量和组成与葡萄品种及地理来源密切相关。包括亚油酸和油酸在内的不饱和脂肪酸有助于延长新产品的保质期。很少有研究采用化学计量学工具。总体而言，葡萄渣在饲料强化方面显示出有前景的作用，即便在大多数情况下，只有在均衡日粮中以正确比例使用并给予足够的投喂时间，葡萄渣才起关键作用。从多学科角度来看，未来的研究应优先进行更大规模的采样、深入的酚类成分表征以及适当的化学计量学方法。
