Magna Arianna, Polisena Nausica, Polisena Ludovica, Bagnato Chiara, Pacella Elena, Carnevale Roberto, Nocella Cristina, Loffredo Lorenzo
Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Nov 15;13(11):1395. doi: 10.3390/antiox13111395.
Electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products have seen significant growth in sales and usage in recent years. Initially promoted as potentially less harmful alternatives to traditional tobacco, recent scientific evidence has raised serious concerns about the risks they pose, particularly in relation to atherosclerosis. While atherosclerosis has long been associated with conventional tobacco smoking, emerging research suggests that electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco may also contribute to the development of this condition and related cardiovascular complications. In a narrative review, we examined the potential effects of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes on oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Several studies have shown that e-cigarettes and heated tobacco increase oxidative stress through the activation of enzymes such as NADPH oxidase. One of the primary effects of these products is their pro-thrombotic and pro-atherosclerotic impact on endothelial cells and platelets, which promotes inflammatory processes within the arteries. Furthermore, the chemicals found in electronic cigarette liquids may exacerbate inflammation and cause endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, through a systematic review, we analyzed the effects of chronic exposure to electronic and heated tobacco cigarettes on endothelial function, as assessed by brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Although electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco cigarettes are often perceived as safer alternatives to traditional smoking, they could still present risks to cardiovascular health. It is essential to raise public awareness about the potential dangers associated with these products and implement protective measures, particularly for young people.
近年来，电子烟和加热烟草制品的销量和使用量显著增长。最初，它们被宣传为传统烟草潜在危害较小的替代品，但最近的科学证据引发了人们对其风险的严重担忧，尤其是与动脉粥样硬化相关的风险。虽然动脉粥样硬化长期以来一直与传统吸烟有关，但新出现的研究表明，电子烟和加热烟草也可能导致这种疾病的发展以及相关的心血管并发症。在一篇叙述性综述中，我们研究了加热烟草制品和电子烟对氧化应激和动脉粥样硬化的潜在影响。多项研究表明，电子烟和加热烟草通过激活如NADPH氧化酶等酶来增加氧化应激。这些产品的主要影响之一是它们对内皮细胞和血小板具有促血栓形成和促动脉粥样硬化作用，从而促进动脉内的炎症过程。此外，电子烟液中发现的化学物质可能会加剧炎症并导致内皮功能障碍。此外，通过一项系统综述，我们分析了长期接触电子烟和加热烟草对内皮功能的影响，这是通过肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）来评估的。尽管电子烟和加热烟草通常被视为比传统吸烟更安全的替代品，但它们仍可能对心血管健康构成风险。提高公众对这些产品潜在危害的认识并采取保护措施至关重要，尤其是对年轻人而言。
