Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 44, Toreza Prospekt, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia.
Cells. 2024 Nov 16;13(22):1895. doi: 10.3390/cells13221895.
Febrile seizures (FSs) are defined as seizures occurring in children aged 6 months to 5 years with a background of elevated body temperature. It is one of the most common neurological disorders of childhood, emphasizing the importance of understanding the causes of FSs and their impact on the developing nervous system. However, there are significant limitations to the technologies currently available for studying the etiology and pathophysiology of seizures in humans. It is currently not possible to adequately capture the subtle molecular and structural rearrangements of the nervous system that can occur after seizures in humans. The use of animal models can be invaluable for these purposes. The most commonly used models in modern research are hyperthermic models in rats and mice aged 10-12 days. While these models can reproduce many of the characteristics of FSs, they have certain limitations. This review outlines the key considerations when working with models of FSs, provides an overview of current approaches to producing seizures in different model subjects, and presents a summary of key findings regarding morphological and functional changes in the brain and behavioral alterations that have been identified in studies using animal models of FSs.
热性惊厥（FSs）定义为发生在 6 个月至 5 岁儿童中，伴有体温升高的背景下的惊厥。它是儿童期最常见的神经系统疾病之一，强调了解 FSs 的原因及其对发育中神经系统的影响的重要性。然而，目前用于研究人类惊厥的病因和病理生理学的技术存在重大局限性。目前尚无法充分捕捉人类惊厥后神经系统可能发生的微妙分子和结构重排。动物模型的使用对于这些目的可能是非常有价值的。在现代研究中最常用的模型是 10-12 天大的大鼠和小鼠的高热模型。虽然这些模型可以复制 FSs 的许多特征，但它们具有某些局限性。本综述概述了在 FSs 模型中工作时的关键注意事项，提供了当前在不同模型对象中产生惊厥的方法概述，并总结了在使用 FSs 动物模型的研究中发现的关于大脑形态和功能变化以及行为改变的关键发现。
