Romero Carlos, Cenalmor Juan Carlos, Chamorro Susana, Redondo César
Facultad de Ciencias y Artes, Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila (UCAV), Calle Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain.
Granja Monte Encinar, El Barraco, 05110 Ávila, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Nov 20;14(22):3340. doi: 10.3390/ani14223340.
(1) Background: Given the problems currently posed by the use of soybean meal in poultry feeding, its replacement with black soldier fly (BSF) meal may be a suitable strategy. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of this dietary replacement on laying performance, egg quality, and yolk nutritional composition in free-range reared hens. (2) Methods: Three diets were formulated: a control diet with 210 g/kg of soybean meal, a diet with 105 g/kg of soybean meal and 80 g/kg of BSF meal, and a diet with 160 g/kg of BSF meal. This eight-week-long study was performed with 126 Bovans Brown hens aged 36 weeks (six replicates of seven hens each per dietary treatment); (3) Results: The laying performance of hens was not influenced by the diet consumed. Neither was the yolk content in fat, protein, cholesterol, choline, B vitamins, and cholecalciferol affected. The dietary inclusion of BSF meal made yolk colour score and albumen Haugh units decrease ( < 0.001) by 51.1% and 12.0%, respectively. It also reduced the yolk content in retinol (by 10.1%, = 0.0037), but it increased that of α- and γ-tocopherol (by 27.6%, = 0.014, and 25.8%, = 0.0077, respectively). A negative linear effect ( < 0.001) was observed on yolk zinc concentration and on the proportions of polyunsaturated and ω-3 fatty acids with increasing dietary dose of BSF meal; (4) Conclusions: Soybean meal could be fully replaced by BSF meal in the diet of hens without affecting the laying rate or the egg weight. However, the dietary inclusion of BSF meal led to paler yolks and impaired albumen quality, while it decreased the content of retinol and zinc and the proportions of polyunsaturated and ω-3 fatty acids in egg yolk.
(1) 背景：鉴于目前家禽饲养中使用豆粕所带来的问题，用黑水虻（BSF）幼虫粉替代豆粕可能是一种合适的策略。因此，本研究评估了这种日粮替代对散养母鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和蛋黄营养成分的影响。(2) 方法：配制三种日粮：一种对照日粮含有210 g/kg豆粕，一种日粮含有105 g/kg豆粕和80 g/kg黑水虻幼虫粉，另一种日粮含有160 g/kg黑水虻幼虫粉。本为期八周的研究使用了126只36周龄的博万斯褐壳蛋鸡（每种日粮处理7只母鸡，共六个重复）；(3) 结果：母鸡的产蛋性能不受所采食日粮的影响。脂肪、蛋白质、胆固醇、胆碱、B族维生素和胆钙化醇的蛋黄含量也未受影响。日粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉使蛋黄颜色评分和蛋白哈夫单位分别降低（P<0.001）51.1%和12.0%。它还降低了视黄醇的蛋黄含量（降低10.1%，P = 0.0037），但增加了α-生育酚和γ-生育酚的含量（分别增加27.6%，P = 0.014，和25.8%，P = 0.0077）。随着日粮中黑水虻幼虫粉剂量的增加，观察到蛋黄锌浓度以及多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-3脂肪酸比例呈负线性效应（P<0.001）；(4) 结论：在母鸡日粮中，豆粕可被黑水虻幼虫粉完全替代而不影响产蛋率或蛋重。然而，日粮中添加黑水虻幼虫粉导致蛋黄颜色变浅和蛋白品质受损，同时降低了蛋黄中视黄醇和锌的含量以及多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-3脂肪酸的比例。
