Piekarczyk Adam, Drobiec Łukasz
Department of Building Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Nov 5;17(22):5406. doi: 10.3390/ma17225406.
Dry masonry is a type of construction that is nowadays used to a limited extent in the construction sector, including the housing sector. A lack of codified computational methods enabling engineers to design consciously is one of the factors limiting the development of dry walls. This article presents results from testing an innovative solution for dry masonry made of medium-size elements with expanded perlite aggregate. Material with this type of aggregate has a low bulk density (390 ± 10% kg/m), which allows the production of large blocks and significantly reduces the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient λ = 0.084 ± 0.003 W/m·K. The results obtained were used to determine material parameters for designing a structure mainly exposed to vertical load. The important practical significance of the presented research results from the lack of provisions, specifications or standards allowing for the design, calculation and construction of dry masonry; it is not possible to analyse the behaviour of this type of structure and to design it consciously and safely. The presented research is therefore an important source of information on mechanical parameters essential for the design of structures and provides tools for this. As a result of the tests of nine panels, the mean compressive strength was determined (1.085 N/mm), and then the procedure of "design assisted by testing" implemented into Eurocode was used to determine characteristic (0.873 N/mm) and design compressive strength (0.565 N/mm). Using the relationships σ-ε, an attempt was made to identify material models for the linear and non-linear analysis of the structure and for designing cross-sections. The material models were made considering increased non-linear deformations of a structure under low stresses (the compression toe) which are true and typical for dry masonry. A specific deformability of dry masonry, slightly different to that in masonry structures joined together with mortar, also affects the reduction factor for load-bearing capacity due to second-order effects. Reduction factors determined from true non-linear deformations were lower than the values specified by EC6 for masonry structures.
干砌石是一种建筑类型，如今在建筑行业（包括住房领域）中的使用范围有限。缺乏使工程师能够有意识地进行设计的规范化计算方法是限制干砌墙发展的因素之一。本文介绍了对一种由中尺寸构件与膨胀珍珠岩骨料制成的干砌石创新解决方案进行测试的结果。这种含有此类骨料的材料具有较低的堆积密度（390 ± 10% kg/m），这使得能够生产大型砌块，并显著降低热传导系数λ的值，即λ = 0.084 ± 0.003 W/m·K。所获得的结果被用于确定主要承受垂直荷载的结构设计的材料参数。由于缺乏允许干砌石设计、计算和施工的规定、规范或标准，所呈现的研究结果具有重要的实际意义；无法分析此类结构的性能并进行有意识且安全的设计。因此，所呈现的研究是关于结构设计所需力学参数的重要信息来源，并为此提供了工具。通过对九块墙板的测试，确定了平均抗压强度（1.085 N/mm），然后使用纳入欧洲规范的“试验辅助设计”程序来确定特征抗压强度（0.873 N/mm）和设计抗压强度（0.565 N/mm）。利用σ-ε关系，试图确定用于结构线性和非线性分析以及横截面设计的材料模型。在考虑结构在低应力下（受压区）真实且典型的增加的非线性变形的情况下建立了材料模型。干砌石的特定变形能力与用砂浆连接的砌体结构略有不同，这也会影响二阶效应导致的承载能力折减系数。由真实非线性变形确定的折减系数低于欧洲规范6中针对砌体结构规定的值。
