Kozub Barbara, Sitarz Mateusz, Gądek Szymon, Ziejewska Celina, Mróz Katarzyna, Hager Izabela
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Street, 31-864 Cracow, Poland.
Chair of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Nov 15;17(22):5581. doi: 10.3390/ma17225581.
Additive manufacturing using cement has evolved rapidly in recent decades, revolutionizing the construction industry. This technology automates building structures through computer-aided design, offering benefits such as reduced material waste, optimized material distribution, and the ability to use composite materials. This paper aims to examine the potential of using copper-slag-based geopolymers in 3D printing. Geopolymers have gained popularity as an alternative and more energy-efficient material to traditional building materials, while copper slag allows for reducing and managing mining industry waste. Moreover, samples formed in molds based on the same material were produced to evaluate the method of manufacturing on the mechanical properties of geopolymers. This paper presents an evaluation of the mechanical properties including the compressive, flexural, and shear strength of the layered material. It reveals promising results, with strength development mainly observed within the first 14 days. The results show that the compressive strength after 28 days of curing is 46.4 MP and 42.1 MPa for formed and printed samples, respectively. Furthermore, the average bending strength value ranges between 7.4 MPa and 7.8 MPa, regardless of the bending direction and forming method. The obtained results show that printed geopolymers demonstrate adequate layer bonding, confirming the profitability of the 3D printing technology. This research confirms that 3D printing technology enables the use of geopolymer binder materials based on copper slag, which opens the door to sustainable alternatives in construction practices.
近几十年来，使用水泥的增材制造技术发展迅速，给建筑行业带来了变革。这项技术通过计算机辅助设计使建筑结构自动化，具有减少材料浪费、优化材料分布以及能够使用复合材料等优点。本文旨在研究在3D打印中使用铜渣基地质聚合物的潜力。地质聚合物作为传统建筑材料的一种替代且更节能的材料已受到广泛关注，而铜渣有助于减少和管理采矿业废弃物。此外，还制作了基于相同材料在模具中成型的样品，以评估制造方法对地质聚合物力学性能的影响。本文对层状材料的抗压、抗弯和抗剪强度等力学性能进行了评估。结果显示出良好的效果，强度增长主要在最初14天内观察到。结果表明，养护28天后，成型样品和打印样品的抗压强度分别为46.4MPa和42.1MPa。此外，无论弯曲方向和成型方法如何，平均抗弯强度值在7.4MPa至7.8MPa之间。所得结果表明，打印的地质聚合物显示出足够的层间粘结性，证实了3D打印技术的可行性。这项研究证实，3D打印技术能够使用基于铜渣的地质聚合物粘结材料，这为建筑实践中的可持续替代方案打开了大门。
