Ren Xiang, Yang Dajin, Yang Zushun, Li Ying, Yang Shuran, Li Weiwei, Qiao Xin, Xue Chengyu, Chen Min, Zhang Limin, Yan Lin, Peng Zixin
NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650000, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Oct 26;12(11):2157. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12112157.
The rising prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in livestock meat poses a growing public health concern in China. The determination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is critical for the clinical management of foodborne infections stemming from livestock meat consumption. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in livestock meat (pork, beef, and mutton) sampled in China in 2021 and to identify the most common AMR patterns among the isolated pathogens. A total of 2515 raw livestock meat samples were collected across 15 provinces in China during 2021. Pathogen detection, including , , and diarrheagenic (DEC), followed China's national food safety standards. All isolates underwent serotyping via slide agglutination. Antimicrobial susceptibility of and DEC isolates was assessed using the broth dilution method. The detection rates for , , and DEC in raw livestock meat were 9.06% (228/2, 515), 10.54% (265/2, 515), and 6.16% (155/2, 515), respectively. Pork showed the highest contamination rates for and DEC, with prevalence rates of 17.60% (214/1, 216, χ2 = 124.62, < 0.05) and 7.89% (96/1, 216, χ2 = 14.466, < 0.05), respectively. contamination was notably higher in chilled (14.43%, 84/582) and frozen (12.39%, 55/444) meat than in fresh meat (χ2 = 43.510, < 0.05). In contrast, (12.09%, 180/1489, χ2 = 15.173, < 0.05) and DEC (7.25%, 108/1489, χ2 = 12.275, < 0.05) were more prevalent in fresh meat than in chilled or frozen samples. The predominant serotypes identified were subsp. serovar Typhimurium, followed by serovar Derby, serovar Rissen, serovar London, and serotype Enteritidis. Enteroaggregative was the most frequent pathotype among DEC (84.7%, 133/157), followed by enteropathogenic (8.3%, 13/157) and enterohemorrhagic (5.1%, 8/157). Among the 14 tested antimicrobial agents, isolates demonstrated an overall resistance rate of 87.50%, while DEC exhibited a resistance rate of 84.70%. Ampicillin and tetracycline showed the highest resistance rates in both pathogens. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was observed in 67.53% of isolates (183 isolates) and 57.96% of DEC isolates (91 isolates). This study highlights the significant contamination of retail raw livestock meat in China by , , and DEC. The high resistance of MDR in both pathogens poses serious public health risks. Chinese food safety and veterinary authorities should implement stricter measures to control pathogen contamination and regulate the use of antimicrobials in livestock to mitigate these risks.
中国畜禽肉中致病细菌的流行率不断上升，引发了越来越多的公共卫生问题。确定抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）对于临床管理因食用畜禽肉引起的食源性感染至关重要。本研究旨在评估2021年在中国采集的畜禽肉（猪肉、牛肉和羊肉）中致病细菌的流行率，并确定分离出的病原体中最常见的AMR模式。2021年期间，在中国15个省份共采集了2515份生鲜畜禽肉样本。病原体检测，包括[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]、[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]和致泻性大肠埃希菌（DEC），遵循中国国家食品安全标准。所有分离株均通过玻片凝集进行血清分型。使用肉汤稀释法评估[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]和DEC分离株的抗菌药物敏感性。生鲜畜禽肉中[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]、[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]和DEC的检出率分别为9.06%（228/2515）、10.54%（265/2515）和6.16%（155/2515）。猪肉中[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]和DEC的污染率最高，患病率分别为17.60%（214/1216，χ2 = 124.62，P < 0.05）和7.89%（96/1216，χ2 = 14.466，P < 0.05）。[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]在冷藏肉（14.43%，84/582）和冷冻肉（12.39%，55/444）中的污染明显高于鲜肉（χ2 = 43.510，P < 0.05）。相比之下，[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]（12.09%，180/1489，χ2 = 15.173，P < 0.05）和DEC（7.25%，108/1489，χ2 = 12.275，P < 0.05）在鲜肉中的流行率高于冷藏或冷冻样本。鉴定出的主要[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]血清型为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌亚种肠炎血清型鼠伤寒，其次是德比血清型、里森血清型、伦敦血清型和肠炎血清型。肠聚集性大肠埃希菌是DEC中最常见的致病型（84.7%，133/157），其次是肠致病性大肠埃希菌（8.3%，13/157）和肠出血性大肠埃希菌（5.1%，8/157）。在14种测试抗菌药物中，[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]分离株的总体耐药率为87.50%，而DEC的耐药率为84.70%。氨苄西林和四环素在两种病原体中的耐药率最高。67.53%的[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]分离株（183株）和57.96%的DEC分离株（91株）观察到多重耐药（MDR）。本研究强调了中国零售生鲜畜禽肉中[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]、[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]和DEC的严重污染。两种病原体中MDR高耐药性带来了严重的公共卫生风险。中国食品安全和兽医当局应采取更严格的措施来控制病原体污染，并规范畜禽中抗菌药物的使用以降低这些风险。
