Xiao Shumei, Chen Lei, Chen Zhichao, Li Qiubai
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Nov 11;16(11):1439. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16111439.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as pivotal regulators for extensive intercellular crosstalk owing to capsuled diverse bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Recent studies have shown that tumor-derived EVs significantly influence the bone marrow microenvironment, contributing to the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). This highlights the robust potential of EVs as a promising avenue for developing more effective and precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MM. In this review, we briefly discuss the multifaceted roles of EVs in MM progression, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic value in MM management. Specifically, we focus on the latest research progress regarding the therapeutic potential of EVs for MM, particularly tumor cell-derived EVs, as we elaborate on three main aspects: (i) EVs as therapeutic targets, including the targeted inhibition of EV biogenesis and uptake, and the possibility of eliminating tumor-derived EVs; (ii) EVs as delivery nanovectors, where we discuss the latest anti-MM candidates and potential ways to optimize therapeutic efficiency; and (iii) engineered EVs as antitumor vaccines, focusing on the use of tumor cell-derived EVs in immunotherapy. Finally, we address the prospects and challenges of harnessing the therapeutic potential of EVs in clinical transformation.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）由于包裹了蛋白质、核酸和脂质等多种生物活性物质，已成为广泛细胞间通讯的关键调节因子。最近的研究表明，肿瘤来源的EVs显著影响骨髓微环境，促进多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的进展。这凸显了EVs作为开发更有效、精确的MM诊断和治疗策略的一条有前景途径的强大潜力。在本综述中，我们简要讨论了EVs在MM进展中的多方面作用，以及在MM管理中的诊断和治疗价值。具体而言，我们重点关注EVs对MM治疗潜力的最新研究进展，特别是肿瘤细胞来源的EVs，我们从三个主要方面进行阐述：（i）EVs作为治疗靶点，包括对EV生物发生和摄取的靶向抑制，以及消除肿瘤来源EVs的可能性；（ii）EVs作为递送纳米载体，我们讨论最新的抗MM候选物和优化治疗效率的潜在方法；（iii）工程化EVs作为抗肿瘤疫苗，重点关注肿瘤细胞来源的EVs在免疫治疗中的应用。最后，我们探讨了在临床转化中利用EVs治疗潜力的前景和挑战。
