Kornet Maryna M, Müller Thomas J J
Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Laboratory for Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Substances, Faculty of Biology, Zaporizhzhia National University, 66 Universytetska Str., 69600 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine.
Molecules. 2024 Nov 7;29(22):5265. doi: 10.3390/molecules29225265.
Sequential Pd-catalyzed one-pot synthetic methodologies have emerged as a powerful and versatile approach in organic synthesis, enabling the construction of complex heterocyclic architectures with high efficiency, selectivity, and atom economy. This review discusses key advancements in multistep, sequentially Pd-catalyzed one-pot processes for accessing heterocyclic derivatives, focusing on classic reactions like Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Heck, and hydroamination and extending to specialized techniques such as directed C-H activation. The concatenation of these steps has advanced the scope of one-pot strategies. A section is dedicated to exploring the cooperative use of palladium with other metals, particularly copper, ruthenium, and gold, which has broadened the range of accessible heterocyclic derivatives. Highlighted applications include the synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically relevant compounds, such as tris(hetero)aryl systems, spiro-oxindoles, and indole derivatives. These one-pot strategies not only streamline synthesis but also align with green chemistry principles by minimizing purification steps and reducing waste and energy consumption. The review also addresses current challenges and limitations in these methodologies, offering insights into ongoing efforts to optimize reaction conditions and expand the applicability of sequential Pd-catalyzed processes.
连续钯催化的一锅法合成方法已成为有机合成中一种强大且通用的方法，能够高效、选择性地构建复杂的杂环结构，并具有原子经济性。本文综述了多步连续钯催化一锅法合成杂环衍生物的关键进展，重点讨论了诸如铃木-宫浦反应、园田- Sonogashira反应、Heck反应和氢胺化反应等经典反应，并扩展到如导向C-H活化等专门技术。这些步骤的串联拓展了一锅法策略的范围。其中一部分内容专门探讨了钯与其他金属（特别是铜、钌和金）的协同使用，这拓宽了可获得的杂环衍生物的范围。突出的应用包括生物和药学相关化合物的合成，如三（杂）芳基体系、螺环氧化吲哚和吲哚衍生物。这些一锅法策略不仅简化了合成过程，还通过减少纯化步骤、降低废物和能源消耗符合绿色化学原则。综述还讨论了这些方法当前面临的挑战和局限性，深入探讨了为优化反应条件和扩大连续钯催化过程的适用性而正在进行的努力。
