Mamayson Raymund F, Cawalo Wyn P, Morales Elliz John P, Morla Rhomayne Xyla D, Nebrida Kayla Louise M, Orca Zia Marizz P, Pacolor Leigh Shamaine R, Paran Diana P, Ramos Alexandra Ysabelle P, Razon Ezra Nicole S, Sales Ma Marie Antonette C, Soriano Sir Josh Marlowe G, Tagorda Alexandra Krisha Danielle I, Tingson Rex Daniel B
Nursing Program, School of Nursing, Allied Health, and Biological Sciences, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines.
Acta Med Philipp. 2024 Oct 31;58(19):18-28. doi: 10.47895/amp.vi0.8215. eCollection 2024.
E-learning has emerged as a crucial technique that educators embrace and apply. Two effective e-learning materials are video-based learning (VBL) and e-book-based remote learning (EBRL). While several studies have proven their effectiveness, none have compared these e-learning materials, especially regarding caregivers' knowledge of delirium, dementia, and depression (3Ds). Based on the extant literature, many caregivers are untrained and often lack the knowledge and skills to lessen the burden on delirious, demented, and depressed older adults. Hence, there is a growing need to explore how e-learning materials will address caregivers' lack of knowledge about the 3Ds of geriatric psychiatry.
This study ascertained the effects of e-learning materials on caregivers' knowledge about the 3Ds of geriatric psychiatry and determined significant differences within and between groups.
A three-arm, quasi-experimental study, which included 63 informal caregivers in Baguio City who met the inclusion criteria and were chosen through purposive sampling, was conducted. Data were gathered using the Delirium-related knowledge tool, the Bangladesh version of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire, and the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool version 2. Data collection was done face-to-face and was conducted from March to April 2023. Data were treated with descriptive and inferential statistics using means, paired t-test, one-way omnibus ANOVA, and the post hoc Scheffé's test. Ethics approval was provided by the Saint Louis University Research Ethics Committee (SLU-REC-UG 2023-004).
All the pretest mean scores of respondents in the VBL, EBRL, and control groups increased in the posttest. Additionally, the paired t-test revealed that the VBL and EBRL materials significantly affected the caregivers' knowledge about the 3Ds of geriatric psychiatry, evidenced by a t-statistic of -5.80 (p=0.00001) and -4.48 (p= 0.00023), respectively. Lastly, one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in mean scores between at least two groups (F(2,60) = [7.060], p=0.002). Post hoc analysis using Scheffé's test for multiple comparisons found that the mean values significantly differed between the VBL and the waitlist control group (Scheffé=10.589), and between the EBRL and the waitlist control group (Scheffé=10.589). There was no statistically significant difference between the VBL and the EBRL groups (Scheffé=0).
This study suggests that informal caregivers in Baguio City are moderately knowledgeable about the 3Ds of geriatric psychiatry. Moreover, both VBL and EBRL materials showed effectiveness in improving caregivers' knowledge about the 3Ds of geriatric psychiatry, highlighting the substantial equivalence of both materials. Lastly, caregivers' knowledge about the 3Ds of geriatric psychiatry increases as they engage in e-learning materials. Thus, it is acknowledged that VBL and EBRL materials are valuable, cost-effective, and practical interventions in improving caregivers' knowledge about the 3Ds of geriatric psychiatry.
电子学习已成为教育工作者接受并应用的一项关键技术。两种有效的电子学习材料是基于视频的学习（VBL）和基于电子书的远程学习（EBRL）。虽然多项研究已证明它们的有效性，但尚无研究对这些电子学习材料进行比较，尤其是在护理人员对谵妄、痴呆和抑郁（3Ds）的认知方面。根据现有文献，许多护理人员未接受过培训，往往缺乏减轻谵妄、痴呆和抑郁老年患者负担的知识和技能。因此，越来越需要探索电子学习材料如何解决护理人员对老年精神病学3Ds知识的欠缺问题。
本研究确定电子学习材料对护理人员关于老年精神病学3Ds知识的影响，并确定组内和组间的显著差异。
进行了一项三臂准实验研究，纳入了碧瑶市63名符合纳入标准并通过目的抽样选取的非正式护理人员。使用谵妄相关知识工具、孟加拉语版抑郁素养问卷和痴呆知识评估工具第2版收集数据。数据收集于2023年3月至4月面对面进行。使用均值、配对t检验、单因素方差分析和事后谢弗检验对数据进行描述性和推断性统计分析。圣路易斯大学研究伦理委员会（SLU-REC-UG 2023-004）提供了伦理批准。
VBL组、EBRL组和对照组的所有受访者在测试前的平均得分在测试后均有所提高。此外，配对t检验显示，VBL和EBRL材料对护理人员关于老年精神病学3Ds的知识有显著影响，t统计量分别为-5.80（p=0.00001）和-4.48（p=0.00023）。最后，单因素方差分析显示至少两组之间的平均得分存在统计学显著差异（F(2,60)=[7.060]，p=0.002）。使用谢弗检验进行多重比较的事后分析发现，VBL组与候补名单对照组之间的均值存在显著差异（谢弗=10.589），EBRL组与候补名单对照组之间的均值也存在显著差异（谢弗=10.589）。VBL组和EBRL组之间没有统计学显著差异（谢弗=0）。
本研究表明，碧瑶市的非正式护理人员对老年精神病学3Ds有一定的了解。此外，VBL和EBRL材料在提高护理人员关于老年精神病学3Ds的知识方面均显示出有效性，突出了两种材料的实质等效性。最后，护理人员对老年精神病学3Ds的知识随着参与电子学习材料而增加。因此，可以认为VBL和EBRL材料是提高护理人员关于老年精神病学3Ds知识的有价值、具有成本效益且实用的干预措施。
