来自苏丹的努比亚眼镜蛇（蛇亚目：眼镜蛇科）毒液的神经毒性作用。

The neurotoxic effect of Naja nubiae (Serpentes: Elapidae) venom from Sudan.

作者信息

Khalid Huda, Mukhtar Maowia M

机构信息

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan.

Department of Immunology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 11463, Khartoum, Sudan.

出版信息

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2025 Jul 1;119(7):688-696. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trae116.

DOI:10.1093/trstmh/trae116

PMID:39601304

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Neurotoxicity is a common feature of elapid snake envenomation. There are limited studies on the toxicity of Naja nubiae venom, the Nubian spitting cobra, from north-east Africa.

METHODS

We used the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation to demonstrate the neurotoxic effect of N. nubiae venom and to compare it with the potent neurotoxic cobra Naja melanoleuca venom. Venoms were separated by successive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) runs and the molecular mass of the neurotoxins was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

RESULTS

Both venoms caused time-dependent inhibition of nerve-mediated twitches with a t90 value of 22.2±1.9 min and 12.9±1.2 min for N. nubiae and N. melanoleuca venoms, respectively. Prior incubation of some commercial antivenom (EchiTab-Plus-ICP [Costa Rica], CSL, Parkville, Victoria, Australia) and snake venom antisera [India]) did not prevent the neurotoxic effect of N. nubiae venom. The chromatographic separation of N. nubiae and N. melanoleuca venoms followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that short-chain α-neurotoxin accounted for 8.4% of N. nubiae and 14.8% of N. melanoleuca whole venoms.

CONCLUSIONS

N. nubiae venom, which was previously known as cytotoxic venom, exhibits considerable in vitro neurotoxic effects on chick nerve-muscle preparations that may have consequences for antivenom development in north-east Africa.

摘要

背景

神经毒性是眼镜蛇科蛇咬伤中毒的常见特征。关于来自非洲东北部的努比亚喷毒眼镜蛇（Naja nubiae）毒液毒性的研究有限。

方法

我们使用鸡颈二腹肌神经-肌肉标本，以证明努比亚喷毒眼镜蛇毒液的神经毒性作用，并将其与强效神经毒性眼镜蛇黑曼巴蛇（Naja melanoleuca）毒液进行比较。通过连续的反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）运行分离毒液，并通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）测定神经毒素的分子量。

结果

两种毒液均导致神经介导的抽搐出现时间依赖性抑制，努比亚喷毒眼镜蛇毒液和黑曼巴蛇毒液的t90值分别为22.2±1.9分钟和12.9±1.2分钟。预先孵育一些商业抗蛇毒血清（EchiTab-Plus-ICP [哥斯达黎加]、澳大利亚维多利亚州帕克维尔的CSL）和蛇毒抗血清[印度]）并不能预防努比亚喷毒眼镜蛇毒液的神经毒性作用。对努比亚喷毒眼镜蛇和黑曼巴蛇毒液进行色谱分离，随后进行MALDI-TOF MS分析，结果显示短链α-神经毒素分别占努比亚喷毒眼镜蛇全毒液的8.4%和黑曼巴蛇全毒液的14.8%。