Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Central Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, China, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
Magnes Res. 2024 Nov 1;37(2):81-94. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2024.0530.
Olfactory impairment in the elderly has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, and oxidative stress may be involved in this process. Dietary magnesium (Mg), as an antioxidant dietary nutrient, has been reported to be associated with cognitive decline. This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary Mg intake on cognitive decline related to olfactory impairment in older adults. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2013-2014. Information on dietary Mg intake was obtained from 24-hour interview. Assessment of cognitive decline included four evaluation dimensions: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (including immediate and delayed), an animal fluency test, and a digit symbol substitution test. Weighted univariable and multivariable linear regression models were utilized to explore the effect of Mg on cognitive decline related to olfactory impairment, using β values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on gender, history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression were further assessed. In total, 1,388 elderly people were included, of whom 319 (22.98%) had olfactory impairment. After adjusting for all covariates, there was an inverse relationship between high Mg intake and cognitive decline (β=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.37 to -0.04), and olfactory impairment was positively associated with cognitive decline (β=0.53, 95%CI: 0.28 to 0.77). Among the elderly with olfactory impairment, the odds of cognitive decline were reduced in the high Mg intake group (β=0.37, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.71) compared to the low Mg intake group (β=0.67, 95%CI: 0.39 to 0.96), especially among the elderly who were female (β=0.53, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.98), with diabetes (β=0.72, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.99), and without CVD (β=0.33, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.61) and depression (β=0.38, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.70). Adequate dietary Mg intake may provide potential beneficial effects, improving cognitive function, among elderly patients with olfactory impairment, which should be confirmed by scale-large prospective studies.
老年人的嗅觉障碍已被证明与认知能力下降的风险增加有关，而氧化应激可能与这一过程有关。膳食镁（Mg）作为一种抗氧化膳食营养素，已被报道与认知能力下降有关。本研究旨在探讨膳食 Mg 摄入对老年人嗅觉障碍相关认知能力下降的影响。数据来自 2013-2014 年全国健康与营养调查（NHANES）数据库。膳食 Mg 摄入量的信息来自 24 小时访谈。认知能力下降的评估包括四个评估维度：阿尔茨海默病协会建立登记册（包括即时和延迟）、动物流畅性测试和数字符号替代测试。采用β值和 95%置信区间（CI）的加权单变量和多变量线性回归模型，探讨 Mg 对嗅觉障碍相关认知能力下降的影响。进一步根据性别、糖尿病史、心血管疾病（CVD）和抑郁情况进行了亚组分析。共有 1388 名老年人入组，其中 319 人（22.98%）有嗅觉障碍。在调整所有协变量后，高 Mg 摄入与认知能力下降呈负相关（β=-0.21，95%CI：-0.37 至 -0.04），嗅觉障碍与认知能力下降呈正相关（β=0.53，95%CI：0.28 至 0.77）。在有嗅觉障碍的老年人中，与低 Mg 摄入组相比，高 Mg 摄入组认知能力下降的几率降低（β=0.37，95%CI：0.04 至 0.71）（β=0.67，95%CI：0.39 至 0.96），尤其是女性（β=0.53，95%CI：0.09 至 0.98）、患有糖尿病（β=0.72，95%CI：0.46 至 0.99）、无 CVD（β=0.33，95%CI：0.05 至 0.61）和抑郁（β=0.38，95%CI：0.06 至 0.70）的老年人。足够的膳食 Mg 摄入可能会提供潜在的有益效果，改善嗅觉障碍老年患者的认知功能，但需要大规模前瞻性研究来证实。
