Fang Lei, Lin Xiaoqi, Xu Ruian, Liu Lu, Zhang Yu, Tian Feng, Li Jiao Jiao, Xue Jiajia
Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
Nanomicro Lett. 2024 Nov 27;17(1):75. doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01581-4.
The intricate hierarchical structure of musculoskeletal tissues, including bone and interface tissues, necessitates the use of complex scaffold designs and material structures to serve as tissue-engineered substitutes. This has led to growing interest in the development of gradient bone scaffolds with hierarchical structures mimicking the extracellular matrix of native tissues to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes. Building on the anatomical characteristics of bone and interfacial tissues, this review provides a summary of current strategies used to design and fabricate biomimetic gradient scaffolds for repairing musculoskeletal tissues, specifically focusing on methods used to construct compositional and structural gradients within the scaffolds. The latest applications of gradient scaffolds for the regeneration of bone, osteochondral, and tendon-to-bone interfaces are presented. Furthermore, the current progress of testing gradient scaffolds in physiologically relevant animal models of skeletal repair is discussed, as well as the challenges and prospects of moving these scaffolds into clinical application for treating musculoskeletal injuries.
肌肉骨骼组织（包括骨骼和界面组织）复杂的层次结构，使得需要使用复杂的支架设计和材料结构来作为组织工程替代品。这引发了人们对开发具有模仿天然组织细胞外基质层次结构的梯度骨支架的兴趣日益浓厚，以实现更好的治疗效果。基于骨骼和界面组织的解剖学特征，本综述总结了目前用于设计和制造用于修复肌肉骨骼组织的仿生梯度支架的策略，特别关注在支架内构建成分和结构梯度的方法。介绍了梯度支架在骨、骨软骨和肌腱-骨界面再生方面的最新应用。此外，还讨论了在与生理相关的骨骼修复动物模型中测试梯度支架的当前进展，以及将这些支架应用于治疗肌肉骨骼损伤的临床应用所面临的挑战和前景。
