Servicio de Radiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain.
Servicio de Radiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain.
Radiologia (Engl Ed). 2024 Oct;66 Suppl 2:S51-S64. doi: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.04.004. Epub 2024 Nov 19.
Extracellular gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) are commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because they increase the detection of alterations, improve tissue characterisation and enable a more precise differential diagnosis. GBCAs are considered to be safe but they are not risk-free. When using GBCAs, it is important to be aware of the risks and to know how to react in different situations (pregnancy, breastfeeding, kidney failure) including if complications occur (extravasations, adverse, allergic or anaphylactic reactions). The article describes the characteristics of the gadolinium molecule, the differences in the biochemical structure of these GBCA, their biodistribution and the effect on the MRI signal. It also reviews safety aspects and the most common clinical applications.
细胞外钆基造影剂（GBCA）在磁共振成像（MRI）中被广泛应用，因为它们可以提高病变的检测能力，改善组织特征，并有助于更精确的鉴别诊断。GBCA 被认为是安全的，但并非没有风险。使用 GBCA 时，重要的是要了解其风险，并知道如何在不同情况下（妊娠、哺乳、肾衰竭）做出反应，包括在出现并发症（外渗、不良反应、过敏或过敏性反应）时应如何反应。本文描述了钆分子的特性、这些 GBCA 的生化结构差异、它们的生物分布以及对 MRI 信号的影响。还回顾了安全性方面和最常见的临床应用。
