Santos Wanderson S, Solon Isabelly G, Branco Luiz G S
Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Mol Oral Microbiol. 2025 Jun;40(3):117-127. doi: 10.1111/omi.12490. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
Periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, are complex inflammatory conditions caused by interactions between oral microbiota and the host immune response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Gram-negative bacteria like Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Porphyromonas gingivalis are key in pathogenesis. This review examines how LPS impacts systemic health through direct invasion, compromised oral barriers, increased vascular permeability, and immune cell transport. LPS triggers inflammation in periodontal tissues, leading to tissue destruction and disease progression. In the bloodstream, LPS contributes to conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Current treatments include mechanical debridement, antibiotics, antimicrobial mouthwashes, and anti-inflammatory therapies. Despite progress, gaps remain in understanding the molecular mechanisms of LPS in systemic diseases. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, the gut-oral axis, biomarkers for early detection, and the lymphatic system's role in LPS dissemination. Maintaining periodontal health is crucial for overall systemic well-being.
牙周疾病，尤其是牙周炎，是由口腔微生物群与宿主免疫反应相互作用引起的复杂炎症性疾病。来自福赛坦纳菌、具核梭杆菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌等革兰氏阴性菌的脂多糖（LPS）在发病机制中起关键作用。本综述探讨了LPS如何通过直接侵袭、口腔屏障受损、血管通透性增加和免疫细胞转运影响全身健康。LPS引发牙周组织炎症，导致组织破坏和疾病进展。在血液中，LPS会引发心血管疾病、糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病和类风湿性关节炎等病症。目前的治疗方法包括机械清创、抗生素、抗菌漱口水和抗炎疗法。尽管取得了进展，但在理解LPS在全身性疾病中的分子机制方面仍存在差距。未来的研究应侧重于纵向研究、肠-口轴、早期检测的生物标志物以及淋巴系统在LPS传播中的作用。保持牙周健康对全身整体健康至关重要。
