Tsurumi R&D center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Division of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 28;15(2):e0229485. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229485. eCollection 2020.
Periodontal disease, the most prevalent infectious disease in the world, is caused by biofilms formed in periodontal pockets. No specific bacterial species that can cause periodontitis alone has been found in any study to date. Several periodontopathic bacteria are associated with the progress of periodontal disease. Consequently, it is hypothesized that dysbiosis of subgingival microbiota may be a cause of periodontal disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the subgingival microbiota and the clinical status of periodontal pockets in a quantitative and clinically applicable way with the newly developed Oral Care Chip. The Oral Care Chip is a DNA microarray tool with improved quantitative performance, that can be used in combination with competitive PCR to quantitatively detect 17 species of subgingival bacteria. Cluster analysis based on the similarity of each bacterial quantity was performed on 204 subgingival plaque samples collected from periodontitis patients and healthy volunteers. A significant difference in the number of total bacteria, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus intermedia bacteria in any combination of the three clusters indicated that these bacteria gradually increased in number from the stage before the pocket depth deepened. Conversely, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus constellatus, which had significant differences only in limited clusters, were thought to increase in number as the pocket depth deepened, after periodontal pocket formation. Furthermore, in clusters where healthy or mild periodontal disease sites were classified, there was no statistically significant difference in pocket depth, but the number of bacteria gradually increased from the stage before the pocket depth increased. This means that quantitative changes in these bacteria can be a predictor of the progress of periodontal tissue destruction, and this novel microbiological test using the Oral Care Chip could be effective at detecting dysbiosis.
牙周病是世界上最普遍的传染病，由牙周袋中形成的生物膜引起。迄今为止，没有任何一项研究发现单独能引起牙周炎的特定细菌种类。一些牙周病相关细菌与牙周病的进展有关。因此，人们假设龈下微生物群落的失调可能是牙周病的一个原因。本研究旨在以定量和临床适用的方式，使用新开发的口腔护理芯片，研究龈下微生物群与牙周袋临床状况之间的关系。口腔护理芯片是一种 DNA 微阵列工具，具有改进的定量性能，可与竞争性聚合酶链反应（PCR）结合使用，定量检测 17 种龈下细菌。对从牙周病患者和健康志愿者中收集的 204 个龈下菌斑样本，根据每种细菌数量的相似性进行聚类分析。在任何三个聚类组合中，总细菌数、齿密螺旋体、直肠弯曲杆菌、核梭杆菌和中间链球菌的数量存在显著差异，表明这些细菌从口袋深度加深之前的阶段逐渐增加。相反，牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌、中间普雷沃菌和星座链球菌仅在有限的聚类中存在显著差异，被认为在牙周袋形成后随着口袋深度的加深而增加。此外，在将健康或轻度牙周病部位分类的聚类中，口袋深度没有统计学上的显著差异，但细菌数量从口袋深度增加之前的阶段逐渐增加。这意味着这些细菌的定量变化可以作为牙周组织破坏进展的预测指标，使用口腔护理芯片进行的这种新的微生物测试可能对检测菌群失调有效。
