School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, 1#, Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, No 37 Guo-xue-xiang Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Nov 27;24(1):794. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06940-y.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy, affecting an estimated 16.7% of live births worldwide, which translates to approximately 21 million cases annually. Although poor sleep quality is a prevalent concern in this population, most existing studies predominantly focus on the impact of sleep disorders on GDM, rather than directly assessing sleep quality in women diagnosed with GDM. This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and its associated factors specifically among women with GDM.
We originally aimed to include 287 women with GDM; ultimately, 618 were invited, of whom 393 participated in the survey through a convenience sampling method at the obstetric clinics of four general tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China, from June to August 2022. Data were collected utilizing sociodemographic characteristics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Sleep Hygiene Scale, and the Pregnancy-related Anxiety Scale (PrAS). We employed linear regression analysis to identify factors associated with sleep quality.
The PSQI score of participants was (5.83 ± 3.41). Notably, 43.77% of participants reported an actual sleep duration of less than 8 h per night, whereas 45.55% experienced poor sleep quality. Worrying during the day about your inability to fall asleep (β = 0.204, P < 0.01), body image concern (β = 0.159, P < 0.01), going to bed thirsty (β = 0.160, P < 0.01), educational attainment (β=-0.150, P < 0.01), avoidance (β = 0.124, P < 0.01), sleep disturbed by bed partner's sleep (β = 0.126, P < 0.01), and worrying as you prepare for bed about your inability to fall asleep (β = 0.137, P < 0.05) significantly affected the sleep quality of participants.
The study revealed a high prevalence of insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality among women with GDM, which was significantly influenced by inadequate sleep hygiene habits and pregnancy-related anxiety. These findings enhance our understanding of the factors affecting sleep quality in this population and underscore the necessity for healthcare professionals to timely identify sleep disorders. Implementing appropriate interventions, such as the development of educational programs focused on sleep hygiene and body image acceptance through cognitive behavioral therapy, could enhance the quality of care for women with GDM.
妊娠糖尿病（GDM）是最常见的妊娠并发症，据估计，全球约有 16.7%的活产儿受到影响，这相当于每年约有 2100 万例。尽管睡眠质量差在这一人群中普遍存在，但大多数现有研究主要关注睡眠障碍对 GDM 的影响，而不是直接评估诊断为 GDM 的女性的睡眠质量。本研究旨在专门调查 GDM 女性的睡眠质量及其相关因素。
我们最初计划纳入 287 名 GDM 女性；最终，邀请了 618 名女性，其中 393 名通过中国重庆四家综合三级医院的妇产科便利抽样方法于 2022 年 6 月至 8 月参与了这项调查。数据收集采用社会人口统计学特征、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、睡眠卫生量表和妊娠相关焦虑量表（PrAS）。我们采用线性回归分析来确定与睡眠质量相关的因素。
参与者的 PSQI 评分为（5.83±3.41）。值得注意的是，43.77%的参与者报告每晚实际睡眠时间不足 8 小时，而 45.55%的参与者睡眠质量差。白天担心自己入睡困难（β=0.204，P<0.01）、对身体形象的担忧（β=0.159，P<0.01）、睡前口渴（β=0.160，P<0.01）、受教育程度（β=-0.150，P<0.01）、回避（β=0.124，P<0.01）、伴侣睡眠干扰睡眠（β=0.126，P<0.01）和睡前准备入睡时担心自己入睡困难（β=0.137，P<0.05）显著影响了参与者的睡眠质量。
研究表明，GDM 女性存在睡眠时间不足和睡眠质量差的高患病率，这与睡眠卫生习惯不足和妊娠相关焦虑显著相关。这些发现增强了我们对影响这一人群睡眠质量因素的理解，并强调了医疗保健专业人员及时识别睡眠障碍的必要性。通过认知行为疗法实施关注睡眠卫生和身体形象接受的教育计划等适当干预措施，可以提高 GDM 女性的护理质量。
