探讨妊娠期糖尿病孕妇母乳喂养知识水平及其影响因素。
Exploring the breastfeeding knowledge level and its influencing factors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Department of Reproductive Endocrinology Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
出版信息
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Nov 23;20(1):723. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03430-9.
BACKGROUND
Studies reveal that promoting the breastfeeding knowledge level help to improve breastfeeding behaviors. Promoting breastfeeding knowledge is a simple and economical way to increase breastfeeding rates. However, there are no studies focus on the level of breastfeeding knowledge and factors influencing the knowledge in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is defined as any degree of glucose tolerance impairment first diagnosed during pregnancy. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women and explore factors influencing the knowledge level.
METHODS
Cross-sectional survey and convenience sampling were conducted in this study. The sociodemographic characteristics, caregivers in pregnancy, knowledge source, breastfeeding status and breast status information of participants were collected. Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale was used to assess the breastfeeding knowledge level of pregnant women with GDM. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence factors of breastfeeding knowledge level in this study.
RESULTS
A total of 226 questionnaires were issued and finally 212 valid questionnaires were collected. Some misconceptions still existed (e.g. 'breastfeeding cannot prevent your baby from being overweight' and 'it is advisable to breastfeed 3-4 times per day within 2-3 days after delivery'), although women with GDM had a good score of breastfeeding knowledge (mean score: 103.5 ± 10.4). Multiple linear regression analysis found that gestational age, family per capita monthly income, educational level, knowledge source were the independent protective factors for breastfeeding knowledge and minority nationality was the independent risk factor. The educational level had the greatest influence on the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women (β = 0.210, t = 2.978, P = 0.003).
CONCLUSION
GDM pregnant women with insufficient gestational age, low educational level, low family per capita monthly income and single access to knowledge should be included in the focus of health education on breastfeeding. In-depth and systematic health education should be conducted for pregnant women with GDM to improve their breastfeeding rate.
背景
研究表明，提高母乳喂养知识水平有助于改善母乳喂养行为。促进母乳喂养知识是提高母乳喂养率的一种简单、经济的方法。然而，目前还没有研究关注患有妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的女性的母乳喂养知识水平以及影响知识水平的因素，GDM 定义为在怀孕期间首次诊断出的任何程度的糖耐量受损。因此，本研究的目的是调查 GDM 孕妇的母乳喂养知识水平，并探讨影响知识水平的因素。
方法
本研究采用横断面调查和便利抽样方法。收集参与者的社会人口学特征、孕期照料者、知识来源、母乳喂养状况和乳房状况信息。采用母乳喂养知识量表评估 GDM 孕妇的母乳喂养知识水平。采用多元线性回归分析本研究中母乳喂养知识水平的影响因素。
结果
共发放 226 份问卷，最终回收 212 份有效问卷。尽管 GDM 女性的母乳喂养知识得分较高（平均得分：103.5±10.4），但仍存在一些误解（例如“母乳喂养不能防止宝宝超重”和“建议在分娩后 2-3 天内每天母乳喂养 3-4 次”）。多元线性回归分析发现，孕周、家庭人均月收入、文化程度、知识来源是母乳喂养知识的独立保护因素，少数民族是母乳喂养知识的独立危险因素。文化程度对 GDM 孕妇母乳喂养知识水平的影响最大（β=0.210，t=2.978，P=0.003）。
结论
对于孕周不足、文化程度低、家庭人均月收入低、知识来源单一的 GDM 孕妇，应将其纳入母乳喂养健康教育的重点。应针对 GDM 孕妇进行深入、系统的健康教育，以提高其母乳喂养率。
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