Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Urol. 2024 Nov 27;24(1):260. doi: 10.1186/s12894-024-01636-z.
A few previous studies have suggested a possible association between adiposity and increased risk of penile cancer, however, the evidence is to date limited for this rare cancer. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and penile cancer risk in a large Norwegian cohort.
The analyses included 829,081 men aged 16-75 years at baseline in 1963-1975. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between BMI and penile cancer incidence.
A total of 725 incident penile cancer cases occurred during 25.6 million person-years of follow-up. Compared to men with BMI 18.5-<25, the HRs (95% CIs) of those with a BMI of 15-<18.5, 25-<30, and ≥ 30 were 0.45 (0.15-1.41), 1.14 (0.97-1.33) and 1.63 (1.20-2.22), respectively, and the HR was 1.26 (1.12-1.42) per 5 kg/m increase in BMI. When the obese category was further subdivided in grade 1 (BMI 30-<35) and grade 2 obesity (≥ 35), the respective HRs were 1.52 (1.10-2.10) and 3.28 (1.46-7.35, p<0.001). The positive association persisted in sensitivity analyses excluding the first 5 years of follow-up. The association between BMI in early adulthood and penile cancer risk was less precise (1.23, 0.91-1.65 per 5 kg/m, n = 143 cases) and for BMI and early-onset penile cancer was null (1.03, 0.51-2.06 per 5 kg/m, n = 27 cases).
High BMI is associated with increased risk of penile cancer. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms.
一些先前的研究表明肥胖与阴茎癌风险增加之间可能存在关联，但迄今为止，对于这种罕见癌症的证据有限。我们在一项大型挪威队列中研究了体重指数（BMI）与阴茎癌风险之间的关系。
分析包括 1963 年至 1975 年期间基线时年龄在 16-75 岁的 829081 名男性。使用多变量 Cox 回归分析来估计 BMI 与阴茎癌发病率之间的关联的风险比（HRs）和 95%置信区间（CIs）。
在 2560 万人年的随访中，共发生 725 例阴茎癌病例。与 BMI 为 18.5-<25 的男性相比，BMI 为 15-<18.5、25-<30 和≥30 的 HRs（95%CI）分别为 0.45（0.15-1.41）、1.14（0.97-1.33）和 1.63（1.20-2.22），BMI 每增加 5kg/m，HR 为 1.26（1.12-1.42）。当将肥胖类别进一步细分为 1 级（BMI 30-<35）和 2 级肥胖（≥35）时，相应的 HRs 分别为 1.52（1.10-2.10）和 3.28（1.46-7.35，p<0.001）。在排除随访前 5 年的敏感性分析中，这种正相关仍然存在。年轻时 BMI 与阴茎癌风险之间的关联不太准确（每 5kg/m 增加 1.23，0.91-1.65，n=143 例），而早期发病的 BMI 与阴茎癌风险之间的关联为零（每 5kg/m 增加 1.03，0.51-2.06，n=27 例）。
高 BMI 与阴茎癌风险增加相关。需要进一步的研究来探讨潜在的机制。
