Geng Xiaoyu, Wang Jia, Liu Yuwei, Liu Linxuan, Liu Xuekun, Zhao Yan, Wang Cuizhu, Liu Jinping
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China.
Chin Herb Med. 2024 Sep 3;16(4):529-547. doi: 10.1016/j.chmed.2024.08.005. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Saponins, the major bioactive components of C. A. Mey., are gradually emerging as research hotspots owing to the possession of various pharmacological activities. This review updates the ginsenosides list from and the steam-processed ginseng (red ginseng and black ginseng) up to 271 by June of 2024, encompassing 243 saponins from different parts of (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, berries, and seeds), 103 from red ginseng, and 65 from black ginseng, respectively. Among 271 saponins, there are a total of 249 (-) dammarane type (with - subtypes) tetracyclic triterpene saponins reported from each part of and steam-processed ginseng, two (-) lanostane type tetracyclic triterpene saponins identified from red ginseng, 18 (-) oleanane type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins discovered from each part of and steam-processed ginseng, and two (-) ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins reported from red ginseng. Overall, this review expounds on the chemical diversity of ginsenosides in various aspects, such as chemical structure, spatial distribution and subtype comparison, processed products, and transformation. This facilitates more in-depth research on ginsenosides and contributes to the future development of ginseng.
皂苷是刺五加的主要生物活性成分，由于具有多种药理活性，正逐渐成为研究热点。本综述更新了截至2024年6月刺五加及炮制人参（红参和黑参）中的人参皂苷列表，共计271种，其中包括来自刺五加不同部位（根、茎、叶、花、浆果和种子）的243种皂苷、来自红参的103种皂苷和来自黑参的65种皂苷。在这271种皂苷中，刺五加及炮制人参各部位共报道了249种（-）达玛烷型（含 - 亚型）四环三萜皂苷，从红参中鉴定出2种（-）羊毛脂烷型四环三萜皂苷，从刺五加及炮制人参各部位发现了18种（-）齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷，从红参中报道了2种（-）乌苏烷型五环三萜皂苷。总体而言，本综述从化学结构、空间分布及亚型比较、加工产品和转化等多个方面阐述了人参皂苷的化学多样性。这有助于对人参皂苷进行更深入的研究，并为人参的未来发展做出贡献。
