Buesing Dana, Fourman Sarah, Ulrich-Lai Yvonne M
Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Appetite. 2025 Feb 1;206:107791. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107791. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
Psychological stress has complex effects on eating behavior, appearing to reduce homeostatically regulated feeding, while increasing hedonically motivated feeding. The present work tests this idea using two feeding paradigms that offer a highly palatable food on a time-limited basis, together with continual access to a low palatability food. This approach provides a natural separation between periods of eating that are primarily homeostatic vs. hedonically regulated. First, the impact of acute stress exposure on feeding behavior was tested using an acute "meal-dessert" paradigm. When fasted adult male rats were given a recent stressor of moderate intensity (restraint), refeeding with a chow-meal was reduced, without affecting chocolate-dessert intake, thereby increasing the proportion of calories derived from chocolate. Next, the effect of chronic moderate stress was tested using a "binge" eating paradigm. Chow-fed rats were given unexpected (3d per week) vs. expected (7d per week) brief access to a highly palatable high-fat diet (HFD), and feeding behavior was compared to control groups that were maintained with continuous access to only chow or only HFD. Chronic stress reduced total caloric intake in all groups, including binge-like HFD intake. Binge-like HFD intake caused metabolic dysfunction (increased adiposity and impaired glucose homeostasis) to an extent beyond that predicted by total caloric intake or body weight gain. Finally, binge-like HFD intake shifted stress coping behavior from an active to a passive phenotype, particularly in rats receiving concurrent chronic stress, suggesting the possibility of increased risk for stress-related disorders, like depression, in individuals who binge eat during stress.
心理压力对饮食行为有复杂的影响，似乎会减少体内平衡调节的进食，同时增加享乐动机驱动的进食。本研究使用两种进食范式来验证这一观点，这两种范式在限时基础上提供高度可口的食物，同时持续提供低可口性食物。这种方法在主要由体内平衡调节与享乐调节的进食时段之间实现了自然区分。首先，使用急性“餐 - 甜点”范式测试急性应激暴露对进食行为的影响。当禁食的成年雄性大鼠受到中等强度的近期应激源（束缚）时，喂食普通食物餐的量减少，而不影响巧克力甜点的摄入量，从而增加了来自巧克力的热量比例。接下来，使用“暴饮暴食”范式测试慢性中度应激的影响。给喂食普通食物的大鼠意外（每周3天）或预期（每周7天）短暂接触高度可口的高脂肪饮食（HFD），并将其进食行为与仅持续喂食普通食物或仅持续喂食HFD的对照组进行比较。慢性应激降低了所有组的总热量摄入，包括类似暴饮暴食的HFD摄入量。类似暴饮暴食的HFD摄入量导致的代谢功能障碍（肥胖增加和葡萄糖稳态受损）程度超过了总热量摄入或体重增加所预测的程度。最后，类似暴饮暴食的HFD摄入量使应激应对行为从主动型转变为被动型，特别是在同时接受慢性应激的大鼠中，这表明在应激期间暴饮暴食的个体中，患抑郁症等与应激相关疾病的风险可能增加。
