Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Canada.
McMaster University, Canada.
Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2025 Jan-Feb;54(1):51-64. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.10.036. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
Women in Radiology should be aware of the importance of early detection of breast cancer, the most common cancer in women. This knowledge is essential to advocate for high quality breast imaging for women, including themselves and their patients. The imaging modalities used in breast imaging have dramatically changed the way in which breast cancer may be diagnosed, and their use affects the stage at which it is diagnosed. Breast cancer may be screen-detected, either with mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, breast ultrasound, breast MRI or contrast-enhanced mammography, and is typically diagnosed at stage 1. Incidental detection with Chest CT, abdominal CT or MRI or by PET CT may also lead to a diagnosis of breast cancer. When detected because of symptoms in women who have not undergone routine screening or as an interval cancer in women after a normal screen typically because of the masking effect of dense breast tissue, breast cancer is typically diagnosed at a more advanced stage, stage IIA or greater. A review of the imaging modalities currently used to diagnose breast cancer is provided and includes the advantages and limitations of each modality and the ways to optimize the imaging quality for detection of breast cancer. Up-to-date recommendations aimed to minimize the harms of delayed diagnosis of breast cancer are summarized to improve the health of women in Radiology and their patients.
从事放射科的女性应该意识到早期发现乳腺癌的重要性，乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症。这种知识对于倡导为女性（包括自己和患者）提供高质量的乳房成像至关重要。用于乳房成像的成像方式已经极大地改变了乳腺癌的诊断方式，其使用方式会影响诊断的阶段。乳腺癌可以通过乳房 X 线摄影、数字乳腺断层合成、乳房超声、乳房 MRI 或对比增强乳房 X 线摄影进行筛查检测，通常在 1 期被诊断出来。偶然通过胸部 CT、腹部 CT 或 MRI 或 PET CT 检测到，也可能导致乳腺癌的诊断。在未接受常规筛查的女性中，由于症状而检测到的乳腺癌，或在正常筛查后因致密乳腺组织的掩盖效应而出现的间隔期乳腺癌，通常在更晚期（IIA 期或更晚）被诊断出来。本文回顾了目前用于诊断乳腺癌的成像方式，包括每种方式的优缺点以及优化乳腺癌检测成像质量的方法。总结了旨在最小化乳腺癌诊断延迟危害的最新建议，以改善放射科女性及其患者的健康。
