Atay Ekin, Ermiş Çağatay, Gökbayrak Atay İrem Nur, Aydemir Ömer, Özmen Erol
Department of Psychiatry, Kars Harakani State Hospital, Kars, Turkey.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Int J Bipolar Disord. 2024 Nov 29;12(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s40345-024-00363-6.
Cognitive impairment is frequently observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Previous findings indicated that predominant polarity could have an effect on cognitive deficits. This study aimed to examine the association between predominant polarity and cognitive impairments in BD.
Euthymic BD patients with manic (MPP, n = 31), depressive (DPP, n = 25), undetermined predominant polarity (UPP, n = 28), and healthy controls (HC, n = 27) participated in the study. A battery of neurocognitive and social cognitive tests was implemented. Neurocognitive domains were identified via principal component analysis.
The MPP group performed worse in the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and Hinting Test (HT) compared to the DPP group and reasoning/problem-solving skills compared to the UPP group. Both MPP and UPP groups showed impairments in processing speed compared to HC. Among patient groups, there was no significant difference in working memory, attention, processing speed, verbal, and visual domain scores. The MPP group had poorer scores compared to controls in most of the social cognitive and neurocognitive domains in the study, while the overall cognitive impairment in the DPP group was relatively milder.
Although our sample size was relatively small, the MPP group yielded more severe cognitive impairment in verbal fluency and social cognition tests compared to DPP. Patients with MPP are particularly vulnerable to cognitive impairment, making them a priority for cognitive enhancement interventions. Future studies should focus on the outcomes of cognitive and pharmacological interventions in these polarity subgroups.
双相情感障碍（BD）患者常出现认知障碍。先前的研究结果表明，主要极性可能会对认知缺陷产生影响。本研究旨在探讨BD中主要极性与认知障碍之间的关联。
处于心境正常期的BD患者，其中躁狂发作主导型（MPP，n = 31）、抑郁发作主导型（DPP，n = 25）、主要极性未确定型（UPP，n = 28）以及健康对照者（HC，n = 27）参与了本研究。实施了一系列神经认知和社会认知测试。通过主成分分析确定神经认知领域。
与DPP组相比，MPP组在受控口语词汇联想测验（COWAT）、解读眼神测验（RMET）和暗示测验（HT）中的表现更差，与UPP组相比，在推理/解决问题技能方面表现更差。与HC组相比，MPP组和UPP组在处理速度方面均表现出受损。在患者组中，工作记忆、注意力、处理速度、语言和视觉领域得分无显著差异。在本研究的大多数社会认知和神经认知领域中，MPP组与对照组相比得分更低，而DPP组的总体认知障碍相对较轻。
尽管我们的样本量相对较小，但与DPP组相比，MPP组在语言流畅性和社会认知测试中出现了更严重的认知障碍。MPP患者尤其容易出现认知障碍，这使他们成为认知增强干预的优先对象。未来的研究应关注这些极性亚组中认知和药物干预的结果。
