Banerjee Shrestha, Singh Piyush, Purkayastha Pradipta, Kumar Ghosh Sujit
Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
Chem Asian J. 2025 Feb 17;20(4):e202401291. doi: 10.1002/asia.202401291. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have revolutionized display and lighting technologies, offering unparalleled design, device flexibility, vibrant colors, and energy efficiency. In this comprehensive review we elucidate the evolution of OLED technology, summarizing its progression from the fundamental principles of fluorescence (1 generation) and phosphorescence (2 generation) to the emergence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) (3 generation), hyper fluorescence (4th generation), and exceptional future generation OLEDs. This review highlights the development and challenges of early-generation OLEDs, scrutinizing their mechanisms, emitters, and limitations. As TADF OLEDs mark a significant paradigm shift, we explore their enhanced efficiency and potential for cost-effective production without the involvement of toxic heavy metals. Building upon this foundation this review explores the burgeoning concepts of hyper-fluorescence and future-generation OLEDs, poised to push the boundaries of color purity, efficiency, and operational stability. This consolidated comprehensive exploration described herein may provide enormous information for designing future-generation OLED materials for sustainable development.
有机发光二极管（OLED）彻底改变了显示和照明技术，具有无与伦比的设计、器件灵活性、鲜艳的色彩和能源效率。在这篇全面的综述中，我们阐述了OLED技术的发展历程，总结了其从荧光（第一代）和磷光（第二代）的基本原理到热激活延迟荧光（TADF，第三代）、超荧光（第四代）以及未来卓越的下一代OLED的出现的发展过程。本综述重点介绍了早期OLED的发展和挑战，审视了它们的机制、发光体和局限性。由于TADF OLED标志着一个重大的范式转变，我们探讨了它们提高的效率以及在不涉及有毒重金属的情况下实现经济高效生产的潜力。在此基础上，本综述探讨了超荧光和下一代OLED的新兴概念，这些概念有望突破色彩纯度、效率和操作稳定性的界限。本文所述的这一综合全面的探索可为设计用于可持续发展的下一代OLED材料提供大量信息。
