Han Guoxiang, Song Shuai, Du Di, Cui Haotian, Lu Yonglong, Wang Rui
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ministry of Emergency Management Big Data Center, Beijing 100010, China; Key Laboratory of Cyberspace and Data Security, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100010, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 20;957:177772. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177772. Epub 2024 Nov 29.
PFOS and its precursors are of great concern due to their persistence and widespread presence in the environment. However, few studies have been conducted on their transformation and fate at a regional scale. We aim to address this gap by investigating their fate in the Bohai coastal region of China. Emissions of PFOS and its precursors are estimated based on anticipated POSF production in China from 1976 to 2025. Comparison of emission sources revealed that PFOS primarily originated from direct emissions, while precursors were notably influenced by indirect sources. Dynamic concentration curves of these pollutants in various compartments were simulated and validated against measured values. Spatial analysis indicated higher concentrations of these pollutants in sections 25 (Beijing), 26 (Tianjin), and 48 (Shenyang), with lower concentrations observed in sections 8, 16, and 24. The mass flux results highlighted significantly different pathways: precursors primarily interacted between upper and lower air with notable degradation, while PFOS mainly moved from lower air to soil and freshwater. Mass fluxes into the Bohai Sea suggested that PFOS mainly entered via water flow, while precursors primarily came through air deposition. Uncertainty analysis revealed higher uncertainties in soil and sediments than the oceans, with additional uncertainties in estimated emissions, and seawater salinity. This study provides a theoretical basis for modelling and regulating PFOS.
全氟辛烷磺酸及其前体因其持久性和在环境中的广泛存在而备受关注。然而，关于它们在区域尺度上的转化和归宿的研究却很少。我们旨在通过调查它们在中国渤海沿岸地区的归宿来填补这一空白。基于1976年至2025年中国预计的全氟辛烷磺酸生产情况估算了全氟辛烷磺酸及其前体的排放量。排放源比较表明，全氟辛烷磺酸主要源于直接排放，而前体则明显受间接源的影响。模拟了这些污染物在各个隔室中的动态浓度曲线，并与测量值进行了验证。空间分析表明，这些污染物在第25区（北京）、第26区（天津）和第48区（沈阳）的浓度较高，而在第8区、第16区和第24区的浓度较低。质量通量结果突出了显著不同的途径：前体主要在上下层大气之间相互作用，有明显降解，而全氟辛烷磺酸主要从下层大气转移到土壤和淡水中。进入渤海的质量通量表明，全氟辛烷磺酸主要通过水流进入，而前体主要通过大气沉降进入。不确定性分析表明，土壤和沉积物中的不确定性高于海洋，估计排放量和海水盐度也存在额外的不确定性。本研究为全氟辛烷磺酸的建模和监管提供了理论依据。
