State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Environ Int. 2013 Sep;59:336-43. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.015. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related chemicals (collectively "PFOS equivalents") have been released to the environment through widespread consumer use and disposal of PFOS-containing products like carpet, leather, textiles, paper, food containers, household cleansers, etc. Accordingly, in addition to PFOS-related industries, domestic activities may also considerably contribute to the PFOS emissions in the eastern coastal region of China, which has been characterized by high industrial input. In the present study, domestic emissions of PFOS equivalents derived from municipal wastewater treatment plants were estimated at the county level, using a regression model of domestic emission density with population density and per capita disposable income as independent variables. The total emission load of PFOS equivalents from domestic sources in the eastern coastal region of China was 381kg in 2010, and large cities were prominent as the emission centers. The domestic emission density averaged 0.37g/km(2)·a for the entire study area. Generally, the Beijing-Tianjin area, Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta, as the most populous and economically developed areas in China, showed significantly higher emission density. Geographical variations within individual provinces were noteworthy. The average per capita discharge load of PFOS equivalents arising from domestic activities was 1.91μg/day per capita in the eastern coastal region of China, which is consistent with previous estimates in Korea, but lower than those calculated for developed countries. In comparison, the spatial distributions of provincial PFOS emissions from domestic and industrial sources were similar to each other; however, the latter was much larger for all the provinces.
全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和相关化学品（统称为“PFOS 当量”）通过广泛的消费者使用和处置含有 PFOS 的产品（如地毯、皮革、纺织品、纸张、食品容器、家用清洁剂等）而释放到环境中。因此，除了与 PFOS 相关的行业外，国内活动也可能对中国东部沿海地区的 PFOS 排放产生相当大的影响，该地区的特点是工业投入高。在本研究中，使用以人口密度和人均可支配收入为自变量的国内排放密度回归模型，在县级水平上估算了来自城市污水处理厂的 PFOS 当量的国内排放量。2010 年，中国东部沿海地区来自国内来源的 PFOS 当量总排放量为 381kg，大城市是排放中心。整个研究区的国内排放密度平均值为 0.37g/km(2)·a。一般来说，北京-天津地区、珠江三角洲和长江三角洲作为中国人口最多和经济最发达的地区，排放密度明显较高。个别省份内部的地理差异也值得注意。中国东部沿海地区来自国内活动的 PFOS 当量人均排放量为 1.91μg/人·天，与韩国的先前估计值一致，但低于发达国家的计算值。相比之下，国内和工业来源的省级 PFOS 排放的空间分布彼此相似；然而，对于所有省份来说，后者的排放量都要大得多。
